वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-35, verse-25

बाणपातान्तरे रामं पतितं पुरुषर्षभम् ।
स तत्र लक्ष्मणो दृष्ट्वा निराशो जीविते ऽभवत् ॥२५॥

25. bāṇapātāntare rāmaṃ patitaṃ puruṣarṣabham ,
sa tatra lakṣmaṇo dṛṣṭvā nirāśo jīvite'bhavat.

25. bāṇapātāntare rāmam patitam puruṣarṣabham saḥ
tatra lakṣmaṇaḥ dṛṣṭvā nirāśaḥ jīvite abhavat

25. Having seen Rāma, the foremost among men, fallen amidst a hail of arrows, Lakṣmaṇa there became despairing of his life.

Words meanings summery:

• बाणपातान्तरे (bāṇapātāntare) - amidst a hail of arrows on the battlefield (amidst the falling of arrows, in the interval of arrow shots, within arrow-shot distance)

• रामम् (rāmam) - Lord Rāma (Rama (accusative))

• पतितम् (patitam) - fallen, collapsed

• पुरुषर्षभम् (puruṣarṣabham) - the foremost among men (Rāma) (the best of men, bull among men, foremost man)

• सः (saḥ) - He (Lakṣmaṇa) (he, that)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, then

• लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• निराशः (nirāśaḥ) - hopeless, despairing

• जीविते (jīvite) - regarding his life, for his survival (in life, of life)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, it happened

Words meanings and morphology

बाणपातान्तरे (bāṇapātāntare) - amidst a hail of arrows on the battlefield (amidst the falling of arrows, in the interval of arrow shots, within arrow-shot distance)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bāṇapātāntara

bāṇapātāntara - interval of falling arrows, within arrow-shot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṇa+pāta+antara)

• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• pāta – falling, descent, flight
  noun (masculine)
  From √pat (to fall).
  Root: pat (class 1)
• antara – interval, inside, space
  noun (neuter)

रामम् (rāmam) - Lord Rāma (Rama (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper name), pleasing, black

Root: ram (class 1)

पतितम् (patitam) - fallen, collapsed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended, prostrate

past passive participle

From root √pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `rāmam`.

पुरुषर्षभम् (puruṣarṣabham) - the foremost among men (Rāma) (the best of men, bull among men, foremost man)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull among men, best of men, foremost man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `rāmam`.

सः (saḥ) - He (Lakṣmaṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तत्र (tatra) - there, then

(indeclinable)

Locative form derived from `tad` (that).

लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (proper name), auspicious mark

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root √dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

निराशः (nirāśaḥ) - hopeless, despairing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirāśa

nirāśa - hopeless, despairing, without hope

Compound 'nir' (without) + 'āśā' (hope).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+āśā)

• nis – out, without
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix.
• āśā – hope, desire, direction
  noun (feminine)
  From root √aś (to attain, obtain).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: aś (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `lakṣmaṇaḥ`.

जीविते (jīvite) - regarding his life, for his survival (in life, of life)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, livelihood

Past passive participle from √jīv (to live), used as a noun.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: The locative often expresses "in regard to", "concerning".

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, it happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhū

imperfect active (laṅ)

From root √bhū (class 1).

Root: bhū (class 1)

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