वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-35, verse-19

तौ वीरशयने वीरौ शयानौ रुधिरोक्षितौ ।
शरवेष्टितसर्वाङ्गावार्तौ परमपीडितौ ॥१९॥

19. tau vīraśayane vīrau śayānau rudhirokṣitau ,
śaraveṣṭitasarvāṅgāvārtau paramapīḍitau.

19. tau vīraśayane vīrau śayānau rudhirokṣitau
śaraveṣṭitasarvāṅgau ārtau paramapīḍitau

19. Those two heroes lay on the battlefield, soaked in blood, their entire bodies enveloped by arrows, distressed and extremely tormented.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two (Rama and Lakshmana) (those two)

• वीरशयने (vīraśayane) - on the battlefield (like a hero's bed) (on a hero's bed)

• वीरौ (vīrau) - the two heroes (Rama and Lakshmana) (two heroes)

• शयानौ (śayānau) - lying (on the battlefield) (lying down)

• रुधिरोक्षितौ (rudhirokṣitau) - soaked in blood (sprinkled with blood, bathed in blood)

• शरवेष्टितसर्वाङ्गौ (śaraveṣṭitasarvāṅgau) - their entire bodies covered with arrows (with all limbs enveloped by arrows)

• आर्तौ (ārtau) - distressed (distressed, afflicted, suffering)

• परमपीडितौ (paramapīḍitau) - extremely tormented (exceedingly tormented)

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two (Rama and Lakshmana) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to Rama and Lakshmana.

वीरशयने (vīraśayane) - on the battlefield (like a hero's bed) (on a hero's bed)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vīraśayana

vīraśayana - hero's bed, battlefield where heroes fall

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vīra+śayana)

• vīra – hero, brave man
  noun (masculine)
• śayana – bed, couch, lying down
  noun (neuter)
  From root śī (to lie down) + ana suffix
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Used metaphorically for the battlefield.

वीरौ (vīrau) - the two heroes (Rama and Lakshmana) (two heroes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man

शयानौ (śayānau) - lying (on the battlefield) (lying down)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śayāna

śayāna - lying, sleeping

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root śī (to lie down) + śānac suffix

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `vīrau`.

रुधिरोक्षितौ (rudhirokṣitau) - soaked in blood (sprinkled with blood, bathed in blood)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of rudhirokṣita

rudhirokṣita - sprinkled with blood

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rudhira+ukṣita)

• rudhira – blood
  noun (neuter)
• ukṣita – sprinkled, wet
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ukṣ (to sprinkle) + kta suffix
  Root: ukṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `vīrau`.

शरवेष्टितसर्वाङ्गौ (śaraveṣṭitasarvāṅgau) - their entire bodies covered with arrows (with all limbs enveloped by arrows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śaraveṣṭitasarvāṅga

śaraveṣṭitasarvāṅga - whose all limbs are enveloped by arrows

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śara+veṣṭita+sarvāṅga)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• veṣṭita – enveloped, covered, surrounded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root veṣṭ (to encompass, wrap) + kta suffix
  Root: veṣṭ (class 1)
• sarvāṅga – all limbs, entire body
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `vīrau`.

आर्तौ (ārtau) - distressed (distressed, afflicted, suffering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, tormented

Past Passive Participle

From root ṛ (to go, to move) with prefix ā + kta suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `vīrau`.

परमपीडितौ (paramapīḍitau) - extremely tormented (exceedingly tormented)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of paramapīḍita

paramapīḍita - greatly afflicted, exceedingly tormented

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+pīḍita)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost, extreme
  adjective
• pīḍita – tormented, afflicted, oppressed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pīḍ (to oppress, torment) + kta suffix
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with `vīrau`.

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