वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-35, verse-22

पपात प्रथमं रामो विद्धो मर्मसु मार्गणैः ।
क्रोधादिन्द्रजिता येन पुरा शक्रो विनिर्जितः ॥२२॥

22. papāta prathamaṃ rāmo viddho marmasu mārgaṇaiḥ ,
krodhādindrajitā yena purā śakro vinirjitaḥ.

22. papāta prathamam rāmaḥ viddhaḥ marmasu mārgaṇaiḥ
krodhāt indrajitā yena purā śakraḥ vinirjitaḥ

22. Rama fell first, wounded in vital spots by arrows. He was struck by Indrajit, who, in his anger, had previously conquered Indra.

Words meanings summery:

• पपात (papāta) - fell (on the battlefield) (fell down, dropped)

• प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first (first, initially)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (Rama (proper name))

• विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - wounded (pierced, wounded, hit)

• मर्मसु (marmasu) - in vital spots (in vital spots/points)

• मार्गणैः (mārgaṇaiḥ) - by arrows (by arrows, by seekers)

• क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - out of anger (from anger, out of anger)

• इन्द्रजिता (indrajitā) - by Indrajit (by Indrajit (name of a demon))

• येन (yena) - by whom (Indrajit) (by whom)

• पुरा (purā) - previously (formerly, anciently, before)

• शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra (Indra (king of gods))

• विनिर्जितः (vinirjitaḥ) - conquered (completely conquered, defeated)

Words meanings and morphology

पपात (papāta) - fell (on the battlefield) (fell down, dropped)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pat

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

From root pat (to fall), Liṭ, 3rd person singular. The 'pa' is a reduplication for perfect tense.

Root: pat (class 1)

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first (first, initially)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prathama

prathama - first, foremost, principal

Note: Functions adverbially.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (Rama (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a legendary king)

Note: Subject of `papāta`.

विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - wounded (pierced, wounded, hit)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viddha

viddha - pierced, wounded, hit

Past Passive Participle

From root vyadh (to pierce) + kta suffix

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `rāmaḥ`.

मर्मसु (marmasu) - in vital spots (in vital spots/points)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of marman

marman - vital spot, vulnerable point

Note: Location of piercing.

मार्गणैः (mārgaṇaiḥ) - by arrows (by arrows, by seekers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mārgaṇa

mārgaṇa - arrow, seeker, inquirer

Note: Agent of piercing.

क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - out of anger (from anger, out of anger)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath

Note: Indicates the cause/reason.

इन्द्रजिता (indrajitā) - by Indrajit (by Indrajit (name of a demon))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of indrajit

indrajit - conqueror of Indra (name of Meghanada, Ravana's son)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (indra+jit)

• indra – Indra (king of gods)
  proper noun (masculine)
• jit – conquered
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ji (to conquer) + kta suffix
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agent of both `viddhaḥ` and `vinirjitaḥ`.

येन (yena) - by whom (Indrajit) (by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers back to `indrajitā`.

पुरा (purā) - previously (formerly, anciently, before)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra (Indra (king of gods))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra (name of the king of the gods)

Note: Subject of `vinirjitaḥ`.

विनिर्जितः (vinirjitaḥ) - conquered (completely conquered, defeated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinirjita

vinirjita - completely conquered, defeated

Past Passive Participle

From root ji (to conquer) with prefixes vi and nir + kta suffix

Prefixes: vi+nir

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `śakraḥ`.

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