वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-63, verse-12

दुःखमापद्यते देवी तवादुःखोचिता सती ।
रावणान्तःपुरे रुद्ध्वा राक्षसीभिः सुरक्षिता ॥१२॥

12. duḥkhamāpadyate devī tavāduḥkhocitā satī ,
rāvaṇāntaḥpure ruddhvā rākṣasībhiḥ surakṣitā.

12. duḥkham āpadyate devī tava aduḥkha ucitā satī
rāvaṇāntaḥpure ruddhvā rākṣasībhiḥ surakṣitā

12. This queen (devī), who is not accustomed to suffering, is now experiencing great sorrow. Confined in Rāvaṇa's inner palace, she is heavily guarded by female demons.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain

• आपद्यते (āpadyate) - she falls into, she obtains, she undergoes

• देवी (devī) - The queen (referring to Sītā) (goddess, queen, lady)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• अदुःख (aduḥkha) - without sorrow

• उचिता (ucitā) - accustomed, fit, proper

• सती (satī) - being, existing; a chaste or virtuous woman

• रावणान्तःपुरे (rāvaṇāntaḥpure) - in Rāvaṇa's inner palace

• रुद्ध्वा (ruddhvā) - having confined, having imprisoned

• राक्षसीभिः (rākṣasībhiḥ) - by female demons

• सुरक्षिता (surakṣitā) - well-guarded, well-protected

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery

आपद्यते (āpadyate) - she falls into, she obtains, she undergoes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āpad

Present ātmanepada, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

देवी (devī) - The queen (referring to Sītā) (goddess, queen, lady)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, queen, lady

Feminine of deva.

Root: div (class 4)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Note: Refers to Rāma, indicating Sītā's connection to him as 'your (Rāma's) wife'.

अदुःख (aduḥkha) - without sorrow

(adjective)

of aduḥkha

aduḥkha - without sorrow, free from pain

Negation (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of duḥkha.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+duḥkha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negating prefix.
• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering
  noun (neuter)

Note: Appears here as part of the compound aduḥkhocitā.

उचिता (ucitā) - accustomed, fit, proper

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ucita

ucita - accustomed, fit, proper, suitable

Past Passive Participle

From root uc (to be pleased, to be accustomed).

Root: uc (class 1)

Note: Appears here as part of the compound aduḥkhocitā.

सती (satī) - being, existing; a chaste or virtuous woman

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous; a chaste woman

Present Participle

From root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

रावणान्तःपुरे (rāvaṇāntaḥpure) - in Rāvaṇa's inner palace

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rāvaṇāntaḥpura

rāvaṇāntaḥpura - Rāvaṇa's inner apartment, Rāvaṇa's harem/palace

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rāvaṇa+antaḥpura)

• rāvaṇa – Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king of Laṅkā)
  proper noun (masculine)
• antaḥpura – inner apartment, harem, palace
  noun (neuter)

रुद्ध्वा (ruddhvā) - having confined, having imprisoned

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From root rudh (to obstruct, confine) + ktvā suffix.

Root: rudh (class 7)

राक्षसीभिः (rākṣasībhiḥ) - by female demons

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of rākṣasī

rākṣasī - a female demon, ogress

Feminine of rākṣasa.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

सुरक्षिता (surakṣitā) - well-guarded, well-protected

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of surakṣita

surakṣita - well-guarded, well-protected

Past Passive Participle

From root rakṣ (to protect) with prefix su.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+rakṣita)

• su – good, well, easily
  indeclinable
• rakṣita – guarded, protected
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root rakṣ.
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)