वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-16, verse-21

तं पत्रविटपे लीनः पत्रपुष्पघनावृतः ।
समीपमुपसंक्रान्तं निध्यातुमुपचक्रमे ॥२१॥

21. taṃ patraviṭape līnaḥ patrapuṣpaghanāvṛtaḥ ,
samīpamupasaṃkrāntaṃ nidhyātumupacakrame.

21. tam patraviṭape līnaḥ patrapuṣpaghanāvṛtaḥ
samīpam upasaṅkrāntam nidhyātum upacakrame

21. līnaḥ patraviṭape patrapuṣpaghanāvṛtaḥ
upacakrame nidhyātum tam upasaṅkrāntam samīpam

21. He (the observer), hidden among the leafy branches and thickly covered by leaves and flowers, began to gaze intently at him (the subject of the previous verses) who had approached nearby.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the person previously described) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• पत्रविटपे (patraviṭape) - in the leafy branch, on the leafy bough

• लीनः (līnaḥ) - hidden (among the leaves) (hidden, merged, dissolved)

• पत्रपुष्पघनावृतः (patrapuṣpaghanāvṛtaḥ) - thickly covered with leaves and flowers

• समीपम् (samīpam) - near, nearby, proximity

• उपसङ्क्रान्तम् (upasaṅkrāntam) - approached, come near, moved towards

• निध्यातुम् (nidhyātum) - to gaze intently (at him) (to gaze intently, to meditate, to observe)

• उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - he began, he commenced

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the person previously described) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Demonstrative pronoun

पत्रविटपे (patraviṭape) - in the leafy branch, on the leafy bough

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of patraviṭapa

patraviṭapa - leafy branch, bough (lit. 'leaf-branch')

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (patra+viṭapa)

• patra – leaf, wing, feather
  noun (neuter)
• viṭapa – branch, bough, sprout
  noun (masculine)

लीनः (līnaḥ) - hidden (among the leaves) (hidden, merged, dissolved)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of līna

līna - hidden, merged, dissolved, clung to

Past Passive Participle

From root lī (to cling, dissolve) + kta (P.P.P. suffix).

Root: lī (class 4)

पत्रपुष्पघनावृतः (patrapuṣpaghanāvṛtaḥ) - thickly covered with leaves and flowers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patrapuṣpaghanāvṛta

patrapuṣpaghanāvṛta - thickly covered with leaves and flowers

Bahuvrihi compound (covered by dense leaves and flowers)

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (patra+puṣpa+ghana+āvṛta)

• patra – leaf, foliage
  noun (neuter)
• puṣpa – flower, blossom
  noun (neuter)
  Root: puṣp (class 4)
• ghana – dense, thick, abundant, cloud
  adjective
• āvṛta – covered, surrounded, concealed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From ā-vṛ (to cover, surround) + kta.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

समीपम् (samīpam) - near, nearby, proximity

(indeclinable)

उपसङ्क्रान्तम् (upasaṅkrāntam) - approached, come near, moved towards

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upasaṅkrānta

upasaṅkrānta - approached, come near, moved towards

Past Passive Participle

From upa-saṃ-kram (to approach, come near) + kta (P.P.P. suffix).

Prefixes: upa+saṃ

Root: kram (class 1)

निध्यातुम् (nidhyātum) - to gaze intently (at him) (to gaze intently, to meditate, to observe)

(verb)

singular, active, infinitive (tumun) of nidhyā

Infinitive

From ni-dhyā (to contemplate) + tumun (infinitive suffix).

Prefix: ni

Root: dhyā (class 1)

उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - he began, he commenced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of upakram

Perfect Tense

From upa-kram (to begin) + liṭ (Perfect).

Prefix: upa

Root: kram (class 1)