वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-4, verse-6

राजा दशरथो नाम द्युतिमान्धर्मवत्सलः ।
तस्यायं पूर्वजः पुत्रो रामो नाम जनैः श्रुतः ॥६॥

6. rājā daśaratho nāma dyutimāndharmavatsalaḥ ,
tasyāyaṃ pūrvajaḥ putro rāmo nāma janaiḥ śrutaḥ.

6. rājā daśarathaḥ nāma dyutimān dharmavatsalaḥ tasya
ayam pūrvajaḥ putraḥ rāmaḥ nāma janaiḥ śrutaḥ

6. daśarathaḥ nāma rājā dyutimān dharmavatsalaḥ tasya
ayam pūrvajaḥ putraḥ rāmaḥ nāma janaiḥ śrutaḥ

6. There was a king named Daśaratha, brilliant and devoted to natural law (dharma). His eldest son is this Rāma, renowned by name among the people.

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - king

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Daśaratha (Daśaratha (proper noun))

• नाम (nāma) - named, by name (by name, indeed, namely)

• द्युतिमान् (dyutimān) - brilliant (brilliant, radiant, luminous)

• धर्मवत्सलः (dharmavatsalaḥ) - devoted to natural law (dharma) (devoted to natural law (dharma), affectionate towards dharma)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Daśaratha) (his, of him, of that)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (Rāma) (this, he)

• पूर्वजः (pūrvajaḥ) - eldest son (elder brother, first-born)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rāma (proper noun))

• नाम (nāma) - by name (by name, indeed, namely)

• जनैः (janaiḥ) - among the people (by people)

• श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - renowned (heard, famous, renowned)

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Stem 'rājan', nominative singular.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject.

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Daśaratha (Daśaratha (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Daśaratha (father of Rāma)

Note: Appositive to 'rājā'.

नाम (nāma) - named, by name (by name, indeed, namely)

(indeclinable)

Often used to indicate a name or designation.

Note: Qualifies 'Daśaratha'.

द्युतिमान् (dyutimān) - brilliant (brilliant, radiant, luminous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dyutimat

dyutimat - brilliant, radiant, shining, glorious

Possessive suffix 'matup' from 'dyuti' (lustre).

Root: dyut (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'rājā'.

धर्मवत्सलः (dharmavatsalaḥ) - devoted to natural law (dharma) (devoted to natural law (dharma), affectionate towards dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavatsala

dharmavatsala - devoted to natural law (dharma), benevolent, righteous

Tatpurusha compound: 'dharma' (natural law) + 'vatsala' (affectionate, fond).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+vatsala)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vatsala – affectionate, fond, tender
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'vatsa' (calf) implying tenderness.

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Daśaratha) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Possessive, refers to 'Daśarathaḥ'.

अयम् (ayam) - this (Rāma) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject.

पूर्वजः (pūrvajaḥ) - eldest son (elder brother, first-born)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūrvaja

pūrvaja - born before, elder, first-born

Compound 'pūrva' (before) + 'ja' (born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pūrva+ja)

• pūrva – prior, former, earlier, preceding
  adjective
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root jan
  Derived from root 'jan' (to be born) + 'ḍa' suffix.
  Root: jan (class 4)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'ayam'.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rāma (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of a prominent deity in Hinduism, hero of the Ramayana)

नाम (nāma) - by name (by name, indeed, namely)

(indeclinable)

Often used to indicate a name or designation.

Note: Qualifies 'Rāmaḥ'.

जनैः (janaiḥ) - among the people (by people)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man, creature

From root 'jan' (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agent of 'śrutaḥ'.

श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - renowned (heard, famous, renowned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, famous, celebrated, renowned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'śru' (to hear) + 'kta' (past passive participle suffix).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'Rāmaḥ'.

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