वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-4, verse-12

दनुर्नाम श्रियः पुत्रः शापाद् राक्षसतां गतः ।
आख्यातस्तेन सुग्रीवः समर्थो वानराधिपः ॥१२॥

12. danurnāma śriyaḥ putraḥ śāpād rākṣasatāṃ gataḥ ,
ākhyātastena sugrīvaḥ samartho vānarādhipaḥ.

12. danuḥ nāma śriyaḥ putraḥ śāpāt rākṣasatām gataḥ
ākhyātaḥ tena sugrīvaḥ samarthaḥ vānarādhipaḥ

12. śriyaḥ putraḥ nāma danuḥ śāpāt rākṣasatām gataḥ
tena samarthaḥ vānarādhipaḥ sugrīvaḥ ākhyātaḥ

12. The son of Śrī, named Danu, who had become a demon due to a curse, mentioned Sugrīva, the powerful king of monkeys.

Words meanings summery:

• दनुः (danuḥ) - Danu (the demon, son of Śrī) (Danu (a proper noun))

• नाम (nāma) - named (by name, named, indeed)

• श्रियः (śriyaḥ) - of Śrī (the goddess) (of Śrī, of wealth, of prosperity)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• शापात् (śāpāt) - due to a curse (from a curse, due to a curse)

• राक्षसताम् (rākṣasatām) - to the state of being a demon (to the state of a demon, demonhood)

• गतः (gataḥ) - having become (gone, reached, become)

• आख्यातः (ākhyātaḥ) - was mentioned (narrated, told, described, mentioned)

• तेन (tena) - by him (Danu) (by him, by that)

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugrīva (Sugrīva (name of the monkey king))

• समर्थः (samarthaḥ) - the powerful (capable, powerful, able)

• वानराधिपः (vānarādhipaḥ) - king of monkeys (king of monkeys, lord of monkeys)

Words meanings and morphology

दनुः (danuḥ) - Danu (the demon, son of Śrī) (Danu (a proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of danu

danu - name of a demon, a titan

नाम (nāma) - named (by name, named, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Can be used as an indeclinable to mean 'by name' or 'indeed'.

श्रियः (śriyaḥ) - of Śrī (the goddess) (of Śrī, of wealth, of prosperity)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - splendor, prosperity, wealth, goddess Lakṣmī

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

शापात् (śāpāt) - due to a curse (from a curse, due to a curse)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śāpa

śāpa - curse, imprecation

Root: śap (class 1)

राक्षसताम् (rākṣasatām) - to the state of being a demon (to the state of a demon, demonhood)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rākṣasatā

rākṣasatā - demonhood, state of a demon

Derived from 'rākṣasa' (demon) + 'tā' (suffix for abstract noun).

गतः (gataḥ) - having become (gone, reached, become)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived at, obtained, reached, become

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions here as an adjective modifying Danu.

आख्यातः (ākhyātaḥ) - was mentioned (narrated, told, described, mentioned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ākhyāta

ākhyāta - told, narrated, declared, mentioned

Past Passive Participle

From ā-khyā (to tell, narrate)

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Used here like a finite verb in passive voice.

तेन (tena) - by him (Danu) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Danu.

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugrīva (Sugrīva (name of the monkey king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugrīva (name of the monkey king), one with a beautiful neck

Compound: su (good, beautiful) + grīva (neck)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+grīva)

• su – good, well, beautiful
  indeclinable
• grīva – neck
  noun (masculine)

समर्थः (samarthaḥ) - the powerful (capable, powerful, able)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samartha

samartha - able, competent, strong, powerful

From sam + artha (meaning, purpose, wealth)

Prefix: sam

Root: artha

Note: Modifies Sugrīva.

वानराधिपः (vānarādhipaḥ) - king of monkeys (king of monkeys, lord of monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānarādhipa

vānarādhipa - lord of monkeys, king of monkeys

Compound: vānara (monkey) + adhipa (lord, ruler)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānara+adhipa)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Apposition to Sugrīva.

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