वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-4, verse-16

शोकाभिभूते रामे तु शोकार्ते शरणं गते ।
कर्तुमर्हति सुग्रीवः प्रसादं सह यूथपैः ॥१६॥

16. śokābhibhūte rāme tu śokārte śaraṇaṃ gate ,
kartumarhati sugrīvaḥ prasādaṃ saha yūthapaiḥ.

16. śokābhibhūte rāme tu śokārte śaraṇam gate
kartum arhati sugrīvaḥ prasādam saha yūthapaiḥ

16. rāme śokābhibhūte śokārte śaraṇam gate tu
sugrīvaḥ saha yūthapaiḥ prasādam kartum arhati

16. When Rama, overcome by grief and distressed, has sought refuge, Sugriva, along with his chieftains, ought to show him favor.

Words meanings summery:

• शोकाभिभूते (śokābhibhūte) - when overcome by sorrow, when overwhelmed by grief

• रामे (rāme) - in Rama, on Rama

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• शोकार्ते (śokārte) - distressed by sorrow, pained by grief

• शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, protection

• गते (gate) - having sought refuge (gone, arrived, having sought)

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make

• अर्हति (arhati) - ought, deserves, is able to

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva

• प्रसादम् (prasādam) - favor, grace, clemency

• सह (saha) - with, along with

• यूथपैः (yūthapaiḥ) - with his (monkey) chieftains (by the chieftains, with the leaders of the troop)

Words meanings and morphology

शोकाभिभूते (śokābhibhūte) - when overcome by sorrow, when overwhelmed by grief

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of śokābhibhūta

śokābhibhūta - overcome by grief, overwhelmed by sorrow

Past Passive Participle

From abhi-bhū (to overcome) with śoka (grief). śokābhibhūta is a tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (śoka+abhibhūta)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, distress
  noun (masculine)
  From root śuc (to mourn, to grieve).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• abhibhūta – overcome, vanquished, overwhelmed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from abhi-bhū (to overcome).
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with rāme.

रामे (rāme) - in Rama, on Rama

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper noun, a name of an incarnation of Vishnu)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Indicates the condition/state of Rama.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

particle

शोकार्ते (śokārte) - distressed by sorrow, pained by grief

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of śokārta

śokārta - distressed by grief, sorrow-stricken

śoka (grief) + ārta (afflicted, pained). Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (śoka+ārta)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, distress
  noun (masculine)
  From root śuc (to mourn, to grieve).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• ārta – afflicted, pained, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go, to reach) with ā prefix.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Adjective agreeing with rāme.

शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, protection

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraṇa

śaraṇa - refuge, protection, shelter, asylum

From root śṛ (to crush, to break) in the sense of 'that which protects from crushing/harm'.

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Object of gate (having gone to refuge).

गते (gate) - having sought refuge (gone, arrived, having sought)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, obtained, reached

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with rāme.

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed with suffix tumun.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Expresses purpose or potential action.

अर्हति (arhati) - ought, deserves, is able to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present active

3rd person singular present active.

Root: arh (class 1)

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of the monkey king)

Literally, 'one with a beautiful neck'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+grīva)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  prefix
• grīva – neck
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the verb arhati.

प्रसादम् (prasādam) - favor, grace, clemency

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prasāda

prasāda - favor, grace, clemency, tranquility, serenity

From root sad (to sit, to settle) with prefix pra. Often implies a state of mental clarity or divine grace.

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Object of kartum.

सह (saha) - with, along with

(indeclinable)

particle, preposition governing instrumental case

Note: Used with yūthapaiḥ.

यूथपैः (yūthapaiḥ) - with his (monkey) chieftains (by the chieftains, with the leaders of the troop)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yūthapa

yūthapa - leader of a troop, chieftain, commander (esp. of animals)

Compound of yūtha (herd, troop) and pa (protector, leader).

Compound type : tatpurusha (yūtha+pa)

• yūtha – herd, troop, company, multitude
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yu (class 2)
• pa – protector, guardian, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Formed from root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Governed by saha.

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