वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-4, verse-4

किमर्थं त्वं वनं घोरं पम्पाकाननमण्डितम् ।
आगतः सानुजो दुर्गं नानाव्यालमृगायुतम् ॥४॥

4. kimarthaṃ tvaṃ vanaṃ ghoraṃ pampākānanamaṇḍitam ,
āgataḥ sānujo durgaṃ nānāvyālamṛgāyutam.

4. kimartham tvam vanam ghoram pampākānanamaṇḍitam
āgataḥ sānujaḥ durgam nānāvyālamṛgāyutam

4. tvam sānujaḥ ghoram pampākānanamaṇḍitam durgam
nānāvyālamṛgāyutam vanam kimartham āgataḥ

4. Why have you, with your younger brother, come to this formidable forest, a difficult region adorned with the Pampa grove and filled with various fierce beasts and deer?

Words meanings summery:

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (for what purpose, why)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• वनम् (vanam) - forest (forest, wood, grove)

• घोरम् (ghoram) - formidable (formidable, terrible, fierce, dreadful)

• पम्पाकाननमण्डितम् (pampākānanamaṇḍitam) - adorned with the Pampa grove (adorned with the Pampa forest/grove)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - come (come, arrived)

• सानुजः (sānujaḥ) - with your younger brother (with younger brother, accompanied by younger brother)

• दुर्गम् (durgam) - difficult place, inaccessible region (difficult, inaccessible, difficult place, fortress)

• नानाव्यालमृगायुतम् (nānāvyālamṛgāyutam) - populated by various fierce wild animals and deer (filled with various ferocious beasts and deer)

Words meanings and morphology

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (for what purpose, why)

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'kim' (what) and 'artham' (purpose/for). Used as an adverb.

Compound type : tatpurusha (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun.

वनम् (vanam) - forest (forest, wood, grove)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Root: van (class 8)

Note: Object of 'āgataḥ' (implied 'to').

घोरम् (ghoram) - formidable (formidable, terrible, fierce, dreadful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - formidable, terrible, dreadful, fierce, frightful

From root 'ghur' (to be frightful) + 'a' suffix.

Root: ghur (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'vanam'.

पम्पाकाननमण्डितम् (pampākānanamaṇḍitam) - adorned with the Pampa grove (adorned with the Pampa forest/grove)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pampākānanamaṇḍita

pampākānanamaṇḍita - adorned with the Pampa forest/grove

Bahuvrihi compound: 'that which is adorned by the Pampa forest'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pampā+kānana+maṇḍita)

• pampā – name of a river and its surrounding region/lake
  proper noun (feminine)
• kānana – forest, grove, pleasure garden
  noun (neuter)
• maṇḍita – adorned, decorated, embellished
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'maṇḍ' (to adorn) + 'kta' (past passive participle suffix).
  Root: maṇḍ (class 10)

Note: Adjective modifying 'vanam'.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - come (come, arrived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'ā' (towards) + 'kta' (past passive participle suffix).

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tvam'.

सानुजः (sānujaḥ) - with your younger brother (with younger brother, accompanied by younger brother)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sānuja

sānuja - accompanied by a younger brother

Bahuvrihi compound: 'sa' (with) + 'anuja' (younger brother).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+anuja)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix/indeclinable indicating accompaniment.
• anuja – younger brother
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'anu' (after) + 'ja' (born).
  Prefix: anu
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying 'tvam'.

दुर्गम् (durgam) - difficult place, inaccessible region (difficult, inaccessible, difficult place, fortress)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of durga

durga - difficult to approach, inaccessible, difficult place, fortress, stronghold

Compound 'dur' (bad/difficult) + 'ga' (going).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+ga)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• ga – going, moving, leading to
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root gam
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go) + 'ḍa' suffix.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'vanam'.

नानाव्यालमृगायुतम् (nānāvyālamṛgāyutam) - populated by various fierce wild animals and deer (filled with various ferocious beasts and deer)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nānāvyālamṛgāyuta

nānāvyālamṛgāyuta - filled/teeming with various wild animals and deer

Bahuvrihi compound: 'that which is united/filled with various fierce beasts and deer'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nānā+vyāla+mṛga+āyuta)

• nānā – various, diverse, manifold
  indeclinable
• vyāla – fierce beast, rogue elephant, serpent
  noun (masculine)
  From 'vi-ala' or 'vi-ā-lā'.
• mṛga – deer, wild animal
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛg (class 6)
• āyuta – joined, connected, endowed with, filled with
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'yu' (to join) with prefix 'ā' + 'kta' (past passive participle suffix).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yu (class 7)

Note: Adjective modifying 'vanam'.

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