वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-20, verse-20

किं मामेवं विलपतीं प्रेंणा त्वं नाभिभाषसे ।
इमाः पश्य वरा बह्वीर्भार्यास्ते वानरेश्वर ॥२०॥

20. kiṃ māmevaṃ vilapatīṃ preṃṇā tvaṃ nābhibhāṣase ,
imāḥ paśya varā bahvīrbhāryāste vānareśvara.

20. kim mām evam vilapatīm premṇā tvam na abhibhāṣase
imāḥ paśya varāḥ bahvīḥ bhāryāḥ te vānareśvara

20. vānareśvara tvam vilapatīm mām evam premṇā kim na
abhibhāṣase imāḥ varāḥ bahvīḥ te bhāryāḥ paśya

20. Why do you not speak to me, who am lamenting in this manner, with love? Look at these many excellent wives of yours, O king of monkeys!

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - why (what? why? whether)

• माम् (mām) - me

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• विलपतीम् (vilapatīm) - lamenting, weeping, crying

• प्रेम्णा (premṇā) - with love, by affection

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• न (na) - not, no

• अभिभाषसे (abhibhāṣase) - you speak to, you address

• इमाः (imāḥ) - these

• पश्य (paśya) - see, look

• वराः (varāḥ) - excellent, choicest, beautiful

• बह्वीः (bahvīḥ) - many, numerous

• भार्याः (bhāryāḥ) - wives

• ते (te) - your

• वानरेश्वर (vānareśvara) - O king of monkeys

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - why (what? why? whether)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative particle

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

1st person pronoun

Note: Object of 'abhibhāṣase'

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'vilapatīm'

विलपतीम् (vilapatīm) - lamenting, weeping, crying

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vilapat

vilapat - lamenting, weeping, crying

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of vi + lap

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

प्रेम्णा (premṇā) - with love, by affection

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of preman

preman - love, affection, kindness

n-stem noun

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अभिभाषसे (abhibhāṣase) - you speak to, you address

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of abhibhāṣ

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

इमाः (imāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of 'paśya', agrees with 'bhāryāḥ'

पश्य (paśya) - see, look

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Substitutive root for dṛś in present system

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वराः (varāḥ) - excellent, choicest, beautiful

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of varā

varā - excellent, choicest, beautiful, a choice, a boon

Root: vṛ (class 5)

बह्वीः (bahvīḥ) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

भार्याः (bhāryāḥ) - wives

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, a woman to be supported or maintained

Gerundive

Feminine of gerundive of bhṛ (to bear, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'paśya'

ते (te) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - your

Genitive singular of yuṣmad (enclitic form)

Note: Possessive, refers to Vālin

वानरेश्वर (vānareśvara) - O king of monkeys

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vānareśvara

vānareśvara - king of monkeys, lord of monkeys

Compound 'vānara' (monkey) + 'īśvara' (lord, king)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānara+īśvara)

• vānara – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, king, god
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

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