वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-20, verse-23

किमप्रियं ते प्रियचारुवेष कृतं मया नाथ सुतेन वा ते ।
सहायिनीमद्य विहाय वीर यमक्षयं गच्छसि दुर्विनीतम् ॥२३॥

23. kimapriyaṃ te priyacāruveṣa kṛtaṃ mayā nātha sutena vā te ,
sahāyinīmadya vihāya vīra yamakṣayaṃ gacchasi durvinītam.

23. kim apriyaṃ te priyacāruveṣa kṛtaṃ mayā nātha sutena vā te
sahāyinīm adya vihāya vīra yamakṣayaṃ gacchasi durvinītam

23. nātha priyacāruveṣa,
mayā vā te sutena kim apriyaṃ te kṛtam? vīra durvinītam,
adya sahāyinīm vihāya yamakṣayaṃ gacchasi?

23. O lord, O dear one of charming form, what wrong has been done to you by me or by your son? O hero, you imprudent one, abandoning your companion today, you go to the abode of Yama (yamakṣaya)?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, wrong

• ते (te) - to you, your

• प्रियचारुवेष (priyacāruveṣa) - An address to Vāli, describing his attractive appearance. (O wearer of a beautiful and pleasing attire, O dear one of charming form)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done

• मया (mayā) - by me

• नाथ (nātha) - O lord, master

• सुतेन (sutena) - by the son

• वा (vā) - or

• ते (te) - to you, your

• सहायिनीम् (sahāyinīm) - Referring to Tārā herself as Vāli's companion. (companion, helper)

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, having left

• वीर (vīra) - O hero

• यमक्षयम् (yamakṣayam) - abode of Yama, death

• गच्छसि (gacchasi) - you go

• दुर्विनीतम् (durvinītam) - An emotional address to Vāli, calling him ill-behaved or imprudent for leaving. (unruly one, imprudent one)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, wrong

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - disagreeable, unpleasant, hostile, unwanted

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpurusha (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)

ते (te) - to you, your

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Alternatively genitive case: 'your'.

प्रियचारुवेष (priyacāruveṣa) - An address to Vāli, describing his attractive appearance. (O wearer of a beautiful and pleasing attire, O dear one of charming form)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of priyacāruveṣa

priyacāruveṣa - having a pleasing and beautiful form/attire

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (priya+cāru+veṣa)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
• cāru – charming, beautiful, lovely
  adjective (masculine)
• veṣa – attire, dress, form, appearance
  noun (masculine)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of verb root 'kṛ'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

नाथ (nātha) - O lord, master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nātha

nātha - lord, master, protector, husband

सुतेन (sutena) - by the son

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'sū' (to beget, to produce).

Root: sū (class 2)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - to you, your

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Alternatively genitive case: 'your'.

सहायिनीम् (sahāyinīm) - Referring to Tārā herself as Vāli's companion. (companion, helper)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sahāyinī

sahāyinī - female companion, helper, associate

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Absolutive form of the verb root 'hā' with prefix 'vi-'.

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

वीर (vīra) - O hero

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave man

यमक्षयम् (yamakṣayam) - abode of Yama, death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yamakṣaya

yamakṣaya - Yama's abode, the dwelling of the god of death; death

Compound type : Tatpurusha (yama+kṣaya)

• yama – Yama (god of death), restraint
  proper noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – abode, dwelling, destruction, end
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

गच्छसि (gacchasi) - you go

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, Present (Laṭ) of gam

Present tense, 2nd person singular.

Root: gam (class 1)

दुर्विनीतम् (durvinītam) - An emotional address to Vāli, calling him ill-behaved or imprudent for leaving. (unruly one, imprudent one)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durvinīta

durvinīta - ill-behaved, badly trained, imprudent, unruly

Compound type : Pra-Tatpurusha (dur+vinīta)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil, ill-
  prefix
• vinīta – well-trained, well-behaved, modest, humble
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of verb root 'nī' with prefix 'vi-'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Often used emotively as a vocative, but here formally accusative.

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