वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-20, verse-8

यान्यस्माभिस्त्वया सार्धं वनेषु मधुगन्धिषु ।
विहृतानि त्वया काले तेषामुपरमः कृतः ॥८॥

8. yānyasmābhistvayā sārdhaṃ vaneṣu madhugandhiṣu ,
vihṛtāni tvayā kāle teṣāmuparamaḥ kṛtaḥ.

8. yāni asmābhiḥ tvayā sārdham vaneṣu madhugandhiṣu
vihṛtāni tvayā kāle teṣām uparamaḥ kṛtaḥ

8. asmābhiḥ tvayā sārdham vaneṣu madhugandhiṣu
yāni vihṛtāni teṣām uparamaḥ tvayā kāle kṛtaḥ

8. The delights which were enjoyed by us, along with you, in the honey-fragrant forests—their cessation has now been brought about by you.

Words meanings summery:

• यानि (yāni) - Refers to the past 'delights' or 'sports' (vihṛtāni). (which (neuter plural))

• अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - Refers to Tārā and her companions (or Tārā herself speaking pluralistically). (by us (instrumental plural))

• त्वया (tvayā) - Refers to Sugrīva, co-agent of the past delights. (by you (instrumental singular))

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - Emphasizes the shared nature of past pleasures. (together with, along with)

• वनेषु (vaneṣu) - The setting where past delights took place. (in the forests)

• मधुगन्धिषु (madhugandhiṣu) - Describes the pleasant nature of the forests where they sported. (fragrant with honey, sweet-smelling)

• विहृतानि (vihṛtāni) - Refers to the playful activities and pleasures shared in the past. (enjoyed, sported, spent (time), pleasures)

• त्वया (tvayā) - Sugrīva is the agent responsible for the cessation of those joys. (by you (instrumental singular))

• काले (kāle) - Now, at this current time (of grief). (at the time, in season, in due course)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - Refers to the vihṛtāni (the delights/sports). (of them (masculine/neuter plural))

• उपरमः (uparamaḥ) - The stopping or ending of those past delights. (cessation, end, pause, rest)

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - Sugrīva has caused the end of their joys. (made, done, caused)

Words meanings and morphology

यानि (yāni) - Refers to the past 'delights' or 'sports' (vihṛtāni). (which (neuter plural))

(pronoun)

neuter, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to vihṛtāni

अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - Refers to Tārā and her companions (or Tārā herself speaking pluralistically). (by us (instrumental plural))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

Note: Agent of vihṛtāni

त्वया (tvayā) - Refers to Sugrīva, co-agent of the past delights. (by you (instrumental singular))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvad

tvad - you (pronoun)

Note: Agent of vihṛtāni (in conjunction with sārdham)

सार्धम् (sārdham) - Emphasizes the shared nature of past pleasures. (together with, along with)

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the instrumental case (tvayā)

वनेषु (vaneṣu) - The setting where past delights took place. (in the forests)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

मधुगन्धिषु (madhugandhiṣu) - Describes the pleasant nature of the forests where they sported. (fragrant with honey, sweet-smelling)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of madhugandhin

madhugandhin - fragrant with honey, sweet-smelling

A Bahuvrīhi or Tatpuruṣa compound: madhu (honey) + gandhin (fragrant).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (madhu+gandhin)

• madhu – honey, sweet, wine
  noun (neuter)
• gandhin – fragrant, smelling of, having the smell of
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)

Note: Agrees with vaneṣu

विहृतानि (vihṛtāni) - Refers to the playful activities and pleasures shared in the past. (enjoyed, sported, spent (time), pleasures)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of vihṛta

vihṛta - sported, enjoyed, performed, spent (time)

Past Passive Participle

from vi-√hṛ (1P) 'to sport, enjoy'

Prefix: vi

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Functions as a noun here, 'the things that were sported/enjoyed'.

त्वया (tvayā) - Sugrīva is the agent responsible for the cessation of those joys. (by you (instrumental singular))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvad

tvad - you (pronoun)

Note: Agent of kṛtaḥ

काले (kāle) - Now, at this current time (of grief). (at the time, in season, in due course)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

तेषाम् (teṣām) - Refers to the vihṛtāni (the delights/sports). (of them (masculine/neuter plural))

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those (pronoun)

Note: Refers to vihṛtāni

उपरमः (uparamaḥ) - The stopping or ending of those past delights. (cessation, end, pause, rest)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uparama

uparama - cessation, end, pause, rest, death

from upa-√ram (1A) 'to cease, stop'

Prefix: upa

Root: ram (class 1)

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - Sugrīva has caused the end of their joys. (made, done, caused)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

from √kṛ (8U) 'to do, make'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with uparamaḥ

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