वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-20, verse-14

वैधव्यं शोकसंतापं कृपणं कृपणा सती ।
अदुःखोपचिता पूर्वं वर्तयिष्याम्यनाथवत् ॥१४॥

14. vaidhavyaṃ śokasaṃtāpaṃ kṛpaṇaṃ kṛpaṇā satī ,
aduḥkhopacitā pūrvaṃ vartayiṣyāmyanāthavat.

14. vaidhavyaṃ śokasaṃtāpaṃ kṛpaṇaṃ kṛpaṇā satī
aduḥkhopacitā pūrvaṃ vartayiṣyāmi anāthavat

14. kṛpaṇā satī pūrvaṃ aduḥkhopacitā [aham] kṛpaṇaṃ
vaidhavyaṃ śokasaṃtāpaṃ anāthavat vartayiṣyāmi

14. Being wretched, I, who previously accumulated no sorrow, shall now pass my days in pitiable widowhood, grief, and torment, like an orphan.

Words meanings summery:

• वैधव्यं (vaidhavyaṁ) - widowhood

• शोकसंतापं (śokasaṁtāpaṁ) - grief and torment, burning grief

• कृपणं (kṛpaṇaṁ) - pitiable, wretched, miserable

• कृपणा (kṛpaṇā) - being pitiable, referring to the speaker (Tārā) (pitiable, wretched)

• सती (satī) - being (wretched) (being, existing, a chaste wife)

• अदुःखोपचिता (aduḥkhopacitā) - I, who previously accumulated no sorrow (one who has not accumulated sorrow/suffering, unaccustomed to sorrow)

• पूर्वं (pūrvaṁ) - formerly, previously

• वर्तयिष्यामि (vartayiṣyāmi) - I shall pass (my days) (I shall exist, I shall live, I shall pass (time))

• अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - like an orphan, helpless

Words meanings and morphology

वैधव्यं (vaidhavyaṁ) - widowhood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaidhavya

vaidhavya - widowhood, state of being a widow

Abstract noun derived from vidhavā (widow).

Note: Object of 'shall experience' (implied).

शोकसंतापं (śokasaṁtāpaṁ) - grief and torment, burning grief

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śokasaṃtāpa

śokasaṁtāpa - intense grief, burning sorrow

Compound of śoka (sorrow) and saṃtāpa (torment, burning).

Compound type : dvandva (śoka+saṃtāpa)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root śuc (to grieve).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• saṃtāpa – heat, torment, suffering, affliction
  noun (masculine)
  Formed from sam- √tap (to burn, torment).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of 'shall experience'.

कृपणं (kṛpaṇaṁ) - pitiable, wretched, miserable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛpaṇa

kṛpaṇa - pitiable, miserable, wretched, poor

Root: kṛp (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `vaidhavyaṃ`.

कृपणा (kṛpaṇā) - being pitiable, referring to the speaker (Tārā) (pitiable, wretched)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛpaṇa

kṛpaṇa - pitiable, miserable, wretched, poor

Root: kṛp (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'satī' and the implied subject (Tārā).

सती (satī) - being (wretched) (being, existing, a chaste wife)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of satī

satī - being, existing, good woman, chaste wife

Present Active Participle

Feminine nominative singular of 'sat' (being), from root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

अदुःखोपचिता (aduḥkhopacitā) - I, who previously accumulated no sorrow (one who has not accumulated sorrow/suffering, unaccustomed to sorrow)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aduḥkhopacita

aduḥkhopacita - not accumulated suffering, unaccustomed to sorrow

Compound of a- (not), duḥkha (sorrow), and upacita (accumulated).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+duḥkha+upacita)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain
  noun (neuter)
• upacita – accumulated, gathered, increased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From upa- √ci (to gather, heap up).
  Prefix: upa
  Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

पूर्वं (pūrvaṁ) - formerly, previously

(indeclinable)

Adverbial usage of pūrva (former).

Note: Adverb modifying `aduḥkhopacitā`.

वर्तयिष्यामि (vartayiṣyāmi) - I shall pass (my days) (I shall exist, I shall live, I shall pass (time))

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vṛt

Future Active Indicative, Causal

1st person singular, Future Tense, Active Voice, Parasmaipada, Causal stem 'vartay' from root vṛt.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is 'I'.

अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - like an orphan, helpless

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from anātha (orphan, helpless) + -vat (like, similar to).

Note: Adverb modifying `vartayiṣyāmi`.

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