वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-20, verse-13

कालो निःसंशयो नूनं जीवितान्तकरस्तव ।
बलाद् येनावपन्नो ऽसि सुग्रीवस्यावशो वशम् ॥१३॥

13. kālo niḥsaṃśayo nūnaṃ jīvitāntakarastava ,
balād yenāvapanno'si sugrīvasyāvaśo vaśam.

13. kālaḥ niḥsaṃśayaḥ nūnaṃ jīvitāntakaraḥ tava
balāt yena avapannaḥ asi sugrīvasya avaśaḥ vaśam

13. nūnam tava jīvitāntakaraḥ kālaḥ niḥsaṃśayaḥ yena
balāt avaśaḥ sugrīvasya vaśam avapannaḥ asi

13. Undoubtedly, your death-bringing time has certainly arrived, by which you have helplessly fallen by force into Sugrīva's power.

Words meanings summery:

• कालः (kālaḥ) - the appointed time of death (time, period, death)

• निःसंशयः (niḥsaṁśayaḥ) - doubtless, without doubt, certain

• नूनं (nūnaṁ) - certainly, indeed, surely

• जीवितान्तकरः (jīvitāntakaraḥ) - ender of life, killer

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• बलात् (balāt) - by force, from force

• येन (yena) - by which (time/fate) (by whom, by which)

• अवपन्नः (avapannaḥ) - have fallen (into) (fallen, descended, obtained, arrived at)

• असि (asi) - you are

• सुग्रीवस्य (sugrīvasya) - of Sugrīva

• अवशः (avaśaḥ) - helpless, involuntarily, not master of oneself

• वशम् (vaśam) - into the control/power (control, power)

Words meanings and morphology

कालः (kālaḥ) - the appointed time of death (time, period, death)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, death, proper time, destiny

निःसंशयः (niḥsaṁśayaḥ) - doubtless, without doubt, certain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niḥsaṃśaya

niḥsaṁśaya - doubtless, certain, without doubt

Derived from niḥ (without) + saṃśaya (doubt)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nis+saṃśaya)

• nis – out, forth, without, negation
  indeclinable
• saṃśaya – doubt, uncertainty, suspicion
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Agrees with kālaḥ.

नूनं (nūnaṁ) - certainly, indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

जीवितान्तकरः (jīvitāntakaraḥ) - ender of life, killer

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvitāntakara

jīvitāntakara - bringing the end of life, killer

Compound of jīvita (life) and antakara (ender).

Compound type : tatpurusha (jīvita+antakara)

• jīvita – life, existence
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root jīv (to live).
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• antakara – causing an end, destroyer
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of anta (end) + kara (maker/doer).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with kālaḥ.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

बलात् (balāt) - by force, from force

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force

Root: bal (class 1)

येन (yena) - by which (time/fate) (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Refers to kālaḥ.

अवपन्नः (avapannaḥ) - have fallen (into) (fallen, descended, obtained, arrived at)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avapanna

avapanna - fallen down, descended, obtained, met with

Past Passive Participle

Formed from ava- √pat (to fall down) + kta suffix

Prefix: ava

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Participle acting as an adjective.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active Indicative

2nd person singular, Present Tense, Active Voice, Parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

सुग्रीवस्य (sugrīvasya) - of Sugrīva

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugrīva (name of a Vanara king)

अवशः (avaśaḥ) - helpless, involuntarily, not master of oneself

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avaśa

avaśa - helpless, powerless, involuntary

Derived from a- (not) + vaśa (power, control).

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+vaśa)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vaśa – will, power, control, master
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (you/Vāli).

वशम् (vaśam) - into the control/power (control, power)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, power, control, subjection

Root: vaś (class 1)

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