वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-2, verse-20

वालिप्रणिहितावेतौ शङ्के ऽहं पुरुषोत्तमौ ।
राजानो बहुमित्राश्च विश्वासो नात्र हि क्षमः ॥२०॥

20. vālipraṇihitāvetau śaṅke'haṃ puruṣottamau ,
rājāno bahumitrāśca viśvāso nātra hi kṣamaḥ.

20. vālipraṇihitau etau śaṅke aham puruṣottamau
rājānaḥ bahumitrāḥ ca viśvāsaḥ na atra hi kṣamaḥ

20. aham śaṅke etau vālipraṇihitau puruṣottamau hi
rājānaḥ bahumitrāḥ ca atra viśvāsaḥ na kṣamaḥ

20. I suspect these two excellent men have been sent by Vali. Kings often have many allies, and therefore, it is certainly not appropriate to place trust here.

Words meanings summery:

• वालिप्रणिहितौ (vālipraṇihitau) - sent by Vali, appointed by Vali (dual)

• एतौ (etau) - these two

• शङ्के (śaṅke) - I suspect (I suspect, I fear, I doubt)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• पुरुषोत्तमौ (puruṣottamau) - excellent men, supreme persons (dual)

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

• बहुमित्राः (bahumitrāḥ) - many allies (having many friends, many allies (plural))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विश्वासः (viśvāsaḥ) - trust (trust, confidence, faith)

• न (na) - not, no

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this situation (here, in this matter)

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely, for, because)

• क्षमः (kṣamaḥ) - appropriate, advisable (able, fit, suitable, proper)

Words meanings and morphology

वालिप्रणिहितौ (vālipraṇihitau) - sent by Vali, appointed by Vali (dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vālipraṇihita

vālipraṇihita - sent by Vali, appointed by Vali

`vāli` (Vali) + `praṇihita` (sent, applied, appointed). `pra-ṇi-hita` is PPP of `dhā` with `pra-ni`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāli+praṇihita)

• vāli – Vali (name of a monkey king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• praṇihita – placed, appointed, sent, fixed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From verb root dhā (to place) with prefixes pra and ni.
  Prefixes: pra+ni
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Predicative adjective.

एतौ (etau) - these two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are'.

शङ्के (śaṅke) - I suspect (I suspect, I fear, I doubt)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śaṅk

present, 1st person singular (ātmanepada)

From root śaṅk.

Root: śaṅk (class 1)

Note: Null subject implied `aham`.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

First person singular pronoun.

Note: Explicit subject of `śaṅke`.

पुरुषोत्तमौ (puruṣottamau) - excellent men, supreme persons (dual)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of puruṣottama

puruṣottama - excellent man, supreme person (puruṣa)

`puruṣa` (person) + `uttama` (best).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (puruṣa+uttama)

• puruṣa – person, man, cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, supreme
  adjective
  Superlative degree from ut (up/out).

Note: Predicative noun/adjective for `etau`.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

N-stem noun.

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are'.

बहुमित्राः (bahumitrāḥ) - many allies (having many friends, many allies (plural))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahumitra

bahumitra - having many friends/allies

`bahu` (many) + `mitra` (friend, ally)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+mitra)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective
• mitra – friend, ally
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicative adjective for `rājānaḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

विश्वासः (viśvāsaḥ) - trust (trust, confidence, faith)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāsa

viśvāsa - trust, confidence, faith

From verb root śvas (to breathe) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Subject of implied 'is'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation for `kṣamaḥ`.

अत्र (atra) - here, in this situation (here, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem idam with suffix tra.

Note: Refers to the current situation.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

क्षमः (kṣamaḥ) - appropriate, advisable (able, fit, suitable, proper)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣama

kṣama - able, fit, suitable, proper, patient

From root kṣam (to be able, patient).

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for `viśvāsaḥ`.