वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-2, verse-11

आप्लवन्तो हरिवराः सर्वतस्तं महागिरिम् ।
मृगमार्जारशार्दूलांस्त्रासयन्तो ययुस्तदा ॥११॥

11. āplavanto harivarāḥ sarvatastaṃ mahāgirim ,
mṛgamārjāraśārdūlāṃstrāsayanto yayustadā.

11. āplavantaḥ harivarāḥ sarvataḥ tam mahāgirim
mṛgamārjāraśārdūlān trāsayantaḥ yayuḥ tadā

11. harivarāḥ tam mahāgirim sarvataḥ āplavantaḥ
mṛgamārjāraśārdūlān trāsayantaḥ tadā yayuḥ

11. The foremost monkeys, leaping upon that great mountain from all sides, went forth, terrifying the deer, cats, and tigers.

Words meanings summery:

• आप्लवन्तः (āplavantaḥ) - leaping upon (leaping upon, jumping into, attacking)

• हरिवराः (harivarāḥ) - the foremost monkeys (best of monkeys, excellent monkeys)

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, everywhere, completely)

• तम् (tam) - that

• महागिरिम् (mahāgirim) - great mountain

• मृगमार्जारशार्दूलान् (mṛgamārjāraśārdūlān) - deer, cats, and tigers

• त्रासयन्तः (trāsayantaḥ) - terrifying (frightening, terrifying, causing fear)

• ययुः (yayuḥ) - they went forth (they went, they departed)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

आप्लवन्तः (āplavantaḥ) - leaping upon (leaping upon, jumping into, attacking)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āplavat

āplavat - leaping upon, jumping into, attacking, bathing

Present Active Participle

Formed from prefix 'ā' + root 'plu' (to leap, to jump) + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: plu (class 1)

हरिवराः (harivarāḥ) - the foremost monkeys (best of monkeys, excellent monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of harivara

harivara - best of monkeys, excellent monkey

Compound.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (hari+vara)

• hari – monkey, tawny, lion
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent, choice, boon
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 1)

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, everywhere, completely)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix 'tas' from 'sarva'.

Note: Modifies 'āplavantaḥ'.

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

महागिरिम् (mahāgirim) - great mountain

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāgiri

mahāgiri - great mountain

Compound.

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+giri)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)

मृगमार्जारशार्दूलान् (mṛgamārjāraśārdūlān) - deer, cats, and tigers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mṛgamārjāraśārdūla

mṛgamārjāraśārdūla - deer, cats, and tigers (a list of animals)

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : Itaretara Dvandva (mṛga+mārjāra+śārdūla)

• mṛga – deer, animal
  noun (masculine)
• mārjāra – cat
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger
  noun (masculine)

त्रासयन्तः (trāsayantaḥ) - terrifying (frightening, terrifying, causing fear)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of trāsayat

trāsayat - frightening, terrifying

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Formed from root 'tras' (to tremble) + causative suffix 'ṇic' ('āy') + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: tras (class 1)

ययुः (yayuḥ) - they went forth (they went, they departed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect tense (Liṭ)

3rd person plural, active voice. Reduplicated root.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: The main verb of the sentence.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from pronominal base 'tad'.