वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-2, verse-14

यस्मादुद्विग्नचेतास्त्वं प्रद्रुतो हरिपुंगव ।
तं क्रूरदर्शनं क्रूरं नेह पश्यामि वालिनम् ॥१४॥

14. yasmādudvignacetāstvaṃ pradruto haripuṃgava ,
taṃ krūradarśanaṃ krūraṃ neha paśyāmi vālinam.

14. yasmāt udvignacetāḥ tvam pradrutaḥ haripuṃgava
tam krūradarśanam krūram na iha paśyāmi vālinam

14. haripuṃgava aham iha tam krūradarśanam krūram
vālinam na paśyāmi yasmāt tvam udvignacetāḥ pradrutaḥ

14. O chief of monkeys, I do not see Vāli here—that cruel one of fierce appearance—from whom you have fled with such an agitated mind.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - from whom (Vāli) (from whom, from which, because of whom/which)

• उद्विग्नचेताः (udvignacetāḥ) - disturbed in mind (disturbed in mind, anxious, agitated)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Sugrīva) (you)

• प्रद्रुतः (pradrutaḥ) - fled (fled, run away, departed swiftly)

• हरिपुंगव (haripuṁgava) - O chief of monkeys (O chief of monkeys, O best among monkeys)

• तम् (tam) - that (Vāli) (him, that)

• क्रूरदर्शनम् (krūradarśanam) - of cruel appearance (of cruel appearance, looking fierce)

• क्रूरम् (krūram) - cruel (cruel, fierce, harsh)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• इह (iha) - here (in this place) (here, in this world, in this matter)

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see (I see, I behold)

• वालिनम् (vālinam) - Vāli

Words meanings and morphology

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - from whom (Vāli) (from whom, from which, because of whom/which)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Demonstrative/relative pronoun, masculine/neuter.

Note: Also used adverbially to mean 'because'.

उद्विग्नचेताः (udvignacetāḥ) - disturbed in mind (disturbed in mind, anxious, agitated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udvignacetas

udvignacetas - with an agitated mind, anxious

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'udvignaṃ cetaḥ yasya saḥ' (whose mind is agitated, he).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (udvigna+cetas)

• udvigna – agitated, disturbed, worried
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vij' (to tremble) with prefix 'ud'.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vij (class 6)
• cetas – mind, intellect, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'cit' (to perceive, know).
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Describes 'tvam'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Sugrīva) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

2nd person pronoun.

प्रद्रुतः (pradrutaḥ) - fled (fled, run away, departed swiftly)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pradruta

pradruta - fled, run away, rushed forth

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dru' (to run) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Describes 'tvam'.

हरिपुंगव (haripuṁgava) - O chief of monkeys (O chief of monkeys, O best among monkeys)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of haripuṃgava

haripuṁgava - chief of monkeys, best among monkeys

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'harīṇāṃ puṃgavaḥ' (best of monkeys). 'Hari' can also mean lion, but here refers to monkeys.

Compound type : Genitive Tatpuruṣa (hari+puṃgava)

• hari – monkey, lion, Vishnu, Indra, sun
  noun (masculine)
• puṃgava – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)
  Often used as the latter part of a compound to mean 'best of'.

Note: Addressing Sugrīva.

तम् (tam) - that (Vāli) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Vāli.

क्रूरदर्शनम् (krūradarśanam) - of cruel appearance (of cruel appearance, looking fierce)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of krūradarśana

krūradarśana - having a cruel appearance, fierce-looking

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'krūraṃ darśanaṃ yasya saḥ' (whose appearance is cruel, he).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (krūra+darśana)

• krūra – cruel, fierce, dreadful
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• darśana – sight, appearance, view, philosophy
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'dṛś' (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Describes Vāli.

क्रूरम् (krūram) - cruel (cruel, fierce, harsh)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, dreadful, savage

Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Describes Vāli.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Particle of negation.

इह (iha) - here (in this place) (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place.

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see (I see, I behold)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of dṛś

Present Active

From root 'dṛś', taking 'paśya' stem in present tense, 1st person singular.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वालिनम् (vālinam) - Vāli

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vālin

vālin - Vāli (name of a monkey king)

Accusative singular of 'vālin'.

Note: Object of 'paśyāmi'.