वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-2, verse-17

बुद्धिविज्ञानसंपन्न इङ्गितैः सर्वमाचर ।
न ह्यबुद्धिं गतो राजा सर्वभूतानि शास्ति हि ॥१७॥

17. buddhivijñānasaṃpanna iṅgitaiḥ sarvamācara ,
na hyabuddhiṃ gato rājā sarvabhūtāni śāsti hi.

17. buddhivijñānasampanna iṅgitaiḥ sarvam ācara na
hi abuddhim gataḥ rājā sarvabhūtāni śāsti hi

17. buddhivijñānasampanna iṅgitaiḥ sarvam ācara hi
abuddhim gataḥ rājā sarvabhūtāni na hi śāsti

17. A person endowed with intellect and practical knowledge should act in all matters by discerning the intentions (of others). For, indeed, a king who has become unwise cannot govern all beings effectively.

Words meanings summery:

• बुद्धिविज्ञानसम्पन्न (buddhivijñānasampanna) - endowed with intellect and discernment, possessing intelligence and knowledge

• इङ्गितैः (iṅgitaiḥ) - by discerning intentions (by gestures, by signs, by intentions, by indications)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - in all matters (all, everything, the whole)

• आचर (ācara) - act, behave, perform

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - for, indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• अबुद्धिम् (abuddhim) - foolishness, lack of intelligence, stupidity

• गतः (gataḥ) - fallen into, having become (gone, arrived, attained, fallen into)

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all subjects (of a king) (all beings, all creatures, all elements)

• शास्ति (śāsti) - governs, rules (rules, governs, teaches, controls)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

Words meanings and morphology

बुद्धिविज्ञानसम्पन्न (buddhivijñānasampanna) - endowed with intellect and discernment, possessing intelligence and knowledge

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddhivijñānasampanna

buddhivijñānasampanna - one endowed with intelligence and practical knowledge

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (buddhi+vijñāna+sampanna)

• buddhi – intellect, understanding
  noun (feminine)
• vijñāna – discernment, practical knowledge, scientific knowledge
  noun (neuter)
• sampanna – endowed with, accomplished, possessing
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From verb root pad with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Functions as an address (vocative implied) to someone possessing these qualities.

इङ्गितैः (iṅgitaiḥ) - by discerning intentions (by gestures, by signs, by intentions, by indications)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of iṅgita

iṅgita - gesture, sign, indication, intention

Root: iṅg (class 1)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - in all matters (all, everything, the whole)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Functions as 'everything' or 'in all matters'.

आचर (ācara) - act, behave, perform

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ācar

imperative, 2nd person singular

From root car (to move, to do) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - for, indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

अबुद्धिम् (abuddhim) - foolishness, lack of intelligence, stupidity

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of abuddhi

abuddhi - foolishness, lack of intelligence

`a` (privative) + `buddhi` (intellect)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+buddhi)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Privative prefix.
• buddhi – intellect, understanding
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of `gataḥ`.

गतः (gataḥ) - fallen into, having become (gone, arrived, attained, fallen into)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, attained, fallen into

Past Passive Participle

From verb root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying `rājā`.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

N-stem noun.

Note: Subject of `śāsti`.

सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all subjects (of a king) (all beings, all creatures, all elements)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures, all elements

`sarva` (all) + `bhūta` (being, creature)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun
• bhūta – being, creature, element
  noun
  Past Passive Participle
  From verb root bhū (to be).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of `śāsti`.

शास्ति (śāsti) - governs, rules (rules, governs, teaches, controls)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śās

present, 3rd person singular

From root śās.

Root: śās (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)