वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-2, verse-15

यस्मात्तव भयं सौम्य पूर्वजात् पापकर्मणः ।
स नेह वाली दुष्टात्मा न ते पश्याम्यहं भयम् ॥१५॥

15. yasmāttava bhayaṃ saumya pūrvajāt pāpakarmaṇaḥ ,
sa neha vālī duṣṭātmā na te paśyāmyahaṃ bhayam.

15. yasmāt tava bhayam saumya pūrvajāt pāpakarmaṇaḥ
saḥ na iha vālī duṣṭātmā na te paśyāmi aham bhayam

15. saumya yasmāt tava bhayam pūrvajāt pāpakarmaṇaḥ
saḥ na iha vālī duṣṭātmā aham te bhayam na paśyāmi

15. O gentle one, Vāli, your elder brother whose actions are sinful, the one from whom you have fear—he is not present here. I do not see any reason for your fear.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - from whom (Vāli) (from whom, from which, because of whom/which)

• तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear (fear, dread)

• सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one (addressing Sugrīva) (O gentle one, O beloved, O auspicious one)

• पूर्वजात् (pūrvajāt) - from your elder brother (Vāli) (from the elder brother, from the ancestor)

• पापकर्मणः (pāpakarmaṇaḥ) - whose actions are sinful (of evil deeds, whose actions are sinful)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Vāli) (he, that)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• इह (iha) - here (in this place) (here, in this world, in this matter)

• वाली (vālī) - Vāli

• दुष्टात्मा (duṣṭātmā) - evil-minded (evil-minded, wicked, corrupt-souled)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• ते (te) - your (your, by you (dative/genitive singular))

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see (I see, I behold)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Hanumān) (I)

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear (fear, dread)

Words meanings and morphology

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - from whom (Vāli) (from whom, from which, because of whom/which)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Demonstrative/relative pronoun, masculine/neuter.

Note: Also used adverbially to mean 'because'.

तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Genitive singular of 'yuṣmad'.

भयम् (bhayam) - fear (fear, dread)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

From root 'bhī' (to fear) + 'a' suffix.

Root: bhī (class 3)

सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one (addressing Sugrīva) (O gentle one, O beloved, O auspicious one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saumya

saumya - gentle, mild, benevolent, auspicious; related to Soma or the moon.

From 'soma'.

Note: Epithet for Sugrīva.

पूर्वजात् (pūrvajāt) - from your elder brother (Vāli) (from the elder brother, from the ancestor)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of pūrvaja

pūrvaja - elder brother, ancestor, born before

Compound: 'pūrva' (before) + 'ja' (born).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (pūrva+ja)

• pūrva – former, earlier, previous, east
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  noun/adjective from root 'jan'
  Suffix meaning 'born from'
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to Vāli.

पापकर्मणः (pāpakarmaṇaḥ) - whose actions are sinful (of evil deeds, whose actions are sinful)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of pāpakarmā

pāpakarmā - evil-doer, one whose actions are sinful

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'pāpaṃ karma yasya saḥ' (whose action is sin, he).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (pāpa+karman)

• pāpa – sin, evil, wicked
  noun/adjective (neuter)
• karman – action, deed, work, ritual (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'kṛ' (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Describes Vāli, connected to 'pūrvajāt'.

सः (saḥ) - he (Vāli) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine.

Note: Refers to Vāli.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Particle of negation.

इह (iha) - here (in this place) (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place.

वाली (vālī) - Vāli

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vālin

vālin - Vāli (name of a monkey king)

Nominative singular of 'vālin'.

Note: Subject of the 'he is not here' clause.

दुष्टात्मा (duṣṭātmā) - evil-minded (evil-minded, wicked, corrupt-souled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṣṭātman

duṣṭātman - evil-minded, wicked, having a corrupt soul

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'duṣṭaḥ ātmā yasya saḥ' (whose soul is corrupt, he).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (duṣṭa+ātman)

• duṣṭa – corrupt, bad, wicked, spoiled
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'duṣ' (to be corrupt)
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Describes Vāli.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Particle of negation.

ते (te) - your (your, by you (dative/genitive singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Enclitic form of genitive/dative singular.

Note: Possessive.

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see (I see, I behold)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of dṛś

Present Active

From root 'dṛś', taking 'paśya' stem in present tense, 1st person singular.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अहम् (aham) - I (Hanumān) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

1st person pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'paśyāmi'.

भयम् (bhayam) - fear (fear, dread)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

From root 'bhī' (to fear) + 'a' suffix.

Root: bhī (class 3)