वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-51, verse-23

स कथं राघवो वीरः सर्वास्त्रकुशलो बली ।
न त्वां हन्याच्छरैस्तीक्ष्णैरिष्टभार्यापहारिणम् ॥२३॥

23. sa kathaṃ rāghavo vīraḥ sarvāstrakuśalo balī ,
na tvāṃ hanyāccharaistīkṣṇairiṣṭabhāryāpahāriṇam.

23. sa katham rāghavaḥ vīraḥ sarvāstrakusalaḥ balī |
na tvām hanyāt śaraiḥ tīkṣṇaiḥ iṣṭabhāryāpahāriṇam

23. saḥ vīraḥ sarvāstrakusalaḥ balī rāghavaḥ
iṣṭabhāryāpahāriṇam tvām tīkṣṇaiḥ śaraiḥ katham na hanyāt?

23. How can that heroic Rāma (Rāghava), who is powerful and skilled in all weapons, not kill you with his sharp arrows, you who abducted his beloved wife?

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - that (Rāma) (he, that)

• कथम् (katham) - how (is it possible that he would not) (how, why)

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāma (descendent of Raghu, Rāma)

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - the hero (hero, brave man, warrior)

• सर्वास्त्रकुसलः (sarvāstrakusalaḥ) - skilled in all weapons

• बली (balī) - powerful (strong, powerful)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Rāvaṇa) (you)

• हन्यात् (hanyāt) - would kill (should kill, would kill)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

• तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - with sharp (arrows) (by sharp, by keen)

• इष्टभार्यापहारिणम् (iṣṭabhāryāpahāriṇam) - you who abducted his beloved wife (who abducted the beloved wife)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - that (Rāma) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Rāma.

कथम् (katham) - how (is it possible that he would not) (how, why)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāma (descendent of Raghu, Rāma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rāma

Patronymic from Raghu

वीरः (vīraḥ) - the hero (hero, brave man, warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, powerful, warrior

सर्वास्त्रकुसलः (sarvāstrakusalaḥ) - skilled in all weapons

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvāstrakusala

sarvāstrakusala - skilled in all weapons

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+astra+kusala)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
• kusala – skilled, expert, well-being
  adjective (masculine)

बली (balī) - powerful (strong, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty

From bala (strength) + ini (possessive suffix)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Rāvaṇa) (you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

2nd person pronoun

हन्यात् (hanyāt) - would kill (should kill, would kill)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of han

Optative Mood, 3rd person singular

Pāṇini 2nd class verb (Adādi-gaṇa)

Root: han (class 2)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṝ (class 9)

तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - with sharp (arrows) (by sharp, by keen)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent, hot

Root: tiś

इष्टभार्यापहारिणम् (iṣṭabhāryāpahāriṇam) - you who abducted his beloved wife (who abducted the beloved wife)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of iṣṭabhāryāpahārin

iṣṭabhāryāpahārin - abductor of a beloved wife

Agent noun from past participle + verb + suffix.

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (iṣṭa+bhāryā+apahārin)

• iṣṭa – desired, beloved, worshipped
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √iṣ (to wish, desire)
  Root: iṣ (class 6)
• bhāryā – wife
  noun (feminine)
  Gerundive
  From root √bhṛ (to bear, support) with ṇyat suffix, feminine form
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• apahārin – one who carries off, abductor, stealer
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From apa + √hṛ (to seize, carry away) with -in suffix
  Prefix: apa
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Adjective describing Rāvaṇa (tvām).