वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-21, verse-7

तया परुषितः पूर्वं पुनरेव प्रशंसितः ।
अब्रवीद्दूषणं नाम खरः सेनापतिं तदा ॥७॥

7. tayā paruṣitaḥ pūrvaṃ punareva praśaṃsitaḥ ,
abravīddūṣaṇaṃ nāma kharaḥ senāpatiṃ tadā.

7. tayā paruṣitaḥ pūrvam punaḥ eva praśaṃsitaḥ
abravīt dūṣaṇam nāma kharaḥ senāpatim tadā

7. tadā kharaḥ pūrvam tayā paruṣitaḥ punaḥ eva
praśaṃsitaḥ dūṣaṇam nāma senāpatim abravīt

7. Khara, having previously been harshly admonished by her and then again praised by her, then spoke to his commander named Dūṣaṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• तया (tayā) - by Śūrpaṇakhā (implied in context) (by her, by that)

• परुषितः (paruṣitaḥ) - (Khara was) harshly admonished/provoked (by Śūrpaṇakhā's words) (insulted, reproached, harshly addressed)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly, before

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, moreover

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just

• प्रशंसितः (praśaṁsitaḥ) - (Khara was) praised (by Śūrpaṇakhā) (praised, lauded, commended)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - (Khara) spoke (he spoke, he said)

• दूषणम् (dūṣaṇam) - Dūṣaṇa, Khara's commander (Dūṣaṇa (proper name))

• नाम (nāma) - named, by name, indeed

• खरः (kharaḥ) - Khara, the Rākṣasa general (Khara (proper name))

• सेनापतिम् (senāpatim) - his commander, Dūṣaṇa (commander of an army, general)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

तया (tayā) - by Śūrpaṇakhā (implied in context) (by her, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

परुषितः (paruṣitaḥ) - (Khara was) harshly admonished/provoked (by Śūrpaṇakhā's words) (insulted, reproached, harshly addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paruṣita

paruṣita - insulted, reproached, harsh, rough

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √paruṣ ('to be harsh, rough'), forming a past passive participle.

Root: paruṣ

Note: Acts as an adjective describing Khara.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly, before

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, moreover

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

प्रशंसितः (praśaṁsitaḥ) - (Khara was) praised (by Śūrpaṇakhā) (praised, lauded, commended)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praśaṃsita

praśaṁsita - praised, lauded, commended

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix pra- and root √śaṃs ('to praise'), forming a past passive participle.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adjective describing Khara.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - (Khara) spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abravīt

Imperfect

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, active voice of root √brū (to speak).

Root: brū (class 2)

दूषणम् (dūṣaṇam) - Dūṣaṇa, Khara's commander (Dūṣaṇa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dūṣaṇa

dūṣaṇa - Dūṣaṇa (a proper name, often a Rākṣasa commander in the Rāmāyaṇa)

Note: Object of 'spoke to'.

नाम (nāma) - named, by name, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that Dūṣaṇa is *named* Dūṣaṇa.

खरः (kharaḥ) - Khara, the Rākṣasa general (Khara (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khara

khara - Khara (a proper name, a prominent Rākṣasa general in the Rāmāyaṇa); donkey; sharp, fierce

Note: Subject of the verb 'spoke'.

सेनापतिम् (senāpatim) - his commander, Dūṣaṇa (commander of an army, general)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of senāpati

senāpati - commander of an army, general

Compound type : tatpurusha (senā+pati)

• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, protector
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the verb 'spoke to'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)