वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-21, verse-1

एवमाधर्षितः शूरः शूर्पणख्या खरस्तदा ।
उवाच रक्षसां मध्ये खरः खरतरं वचः ॥१॥

1. evamādharṣitaḥ śūraḥ śūrpaṇakhyā kharastadā ,
uvāca rakṣasāṃ madhye kharaḥ kharataraṃ vacaḥ.

1. evam ādharṣitaḥ śūraḥ śūrpaṇakhyā kharaḥ tadā
uvāca rakṣasām madhye kharaḥ kharataram vacaḥ

1. tadā śūrpaṇakhyā evam ādharṣitaḥ śūraḥ kharaḥ
rakṣasām madhye kharataram vacaḥ uvāca

1. Thus provoked by Shurpanakha, the valiant Khara then spoke a very harsh word amidst the Rākṣasas.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• आधर्षितः (ādharṣitaḥ) - provoked, assailed, insulted

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - Refers to Khara, potentially ironically given the situation. (brave one, hero, valiant)

• शूर्पणख्या (śūrpaṇakhyā) - by Shurpanakha

• खरः (kharaḥ) - Proper name of a Rākṣasa. (Khara (proper name), harsh, sharp, ass)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

• रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the Rākṣasas, among the Rākṣasas

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, among, amidst

• खरः (kharaḥ) - Proper name of a Rākṣasa. (Khara (proper name), harsh, sharp, ass)

• खरतरम् (kharataram) - harsher, more severe

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

आधर्षितः (ādharṣitaḥ) - provoked, assailed, insulted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ādharṣita

ādharṣita - assailed, attacked, insulted, provoked, overpowered

Past Passive Participle

derived from root `dhṛṣ` with prefix `ā`

Prefix: ā

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

शूरः (śūraḥ) - Refers to Khara, potentially ironically given the situation. (brave one, hero, valiant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - valiant, brave, hero, warrior

Note: Modifies `kharaḥ`.

शूर्पणख्या (śūrpaṇakhyā) - by Shurpanakha

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śūrpaṇakhā

śūrpaṇakhā - Shurpanakha (proper name of a demoness)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śūrpa+nakha)

• śūrpa – winnowing basket
  noun (neuter)
• nakha – nail, claw
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the past passive participle `ādharṣitaḥ`.

खरः (kharaḥ) - Proper name of a Rākṣasa. (Khara (proper name), harsh, sharp, ass)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khara

khara - Khara (proper name of a demon), harsh, sharp, cruel, ass

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ) form

Strong form of `vac` (vaś-). Reduplication.

Root: vac (class 2)

रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the Rākṣasas, among the Rākṣasas

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - Rākṣasa (demon), evil spirit

Note: Used with `madhye`.

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, among, amidst

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative singular of `madhya`, functioning as an adverbial preposition.

खरः (kharaḥ) - Proper name of a Rākṣasa. (Khara (proper name), harsh, sharp, ass)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khara

khara - Khara (proper name of a demon), harsh, sharp, cruel, ass

Note: Reinforces the subject, Khara, who is speaking.

खरतरम् (kharataram) - harsher, more severe

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kharatara

kharatara - harsher, sharper, more severe (comparative degree of `khara`)

Comparative suffix `-tara`

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

Note: Object of `uvāca`.

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