वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-21, verse-18

खरस्तु तान्महेष्वासान् घोरचर्मायुधध्वजान् ।
निर्यातेत्यब्रवीद्दृष्ट्वा रथस्थः सर्वराक्षसान् ॥१८॥

18. kharastu tānmaheṣvāsān ghoracarmāyudhadhvajān ,
niryātetyabravīddṛṣṭvā rathasthaḥ sarvarākṣasān.

18. kharaḥ tu tān maheṣvāsān ghoracarmāyudhadhvajan
niryāta iti abravīt dṛṣṭvā rathasthaḥ sarvarākṣasān

18. kharaḥ tu rathasthaḥ ghoracarmāyudhadhvajan maheṣvāsān
tān sarvarākṣasān dṛṣṭvā niryāta iti abravīt

18. But Khara, standing on the chariot, seeing all those Rākṣasas with their formidable bows, terrible shields, weapons, and banners, commanded, 'Go forth!'

Words meanings summery:

• खरः (kharaḥ) - Khara (a Rākṣasa leader) (Khara)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• तान् (tān) - those (Rākṣasas) (those)

• महेष्वासान् (maheṣvāsān) - great archers, having great bows

• घोरचर्मायुधध्वजन् (ghoracarmāyudhadhvajan) - with terrible shields, weapons, and banners

• निर्यात (niryāta) - Go forth! Depart!

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• रथस्थः (rathasthaḥ) - standing on the chariot

• सर्वराक्षसान् (sarvarākṣasān) - all the Rākṣasas

Words meanings and morphology

खरः (kharaḥ) - Khara (a Rākṣasa leader) (Khara)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khara

khara - Khara (name of a Rākṣasa), ass, sharp

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

तान् (tān) - those (Rākṣasas) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine accusative plural.

Note: Modifies 'sarvarākṣasān'.

महेष्वासान् (maheṣvāsān) - great archers, having great bows

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer, having a great bow

Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'having a great bow'. Acting as an adjective for Rākṣasas.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  From mahat.
• iṣvāsa – bow, archer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'sarvarākṣasān'.

घोरचर्मायुधध्वजन् (ghoracarmāyudhadhvajan) - with terrible shields, weapons, and banners

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ghoracarmāyudhadhvaja

ghoracarmāyudhadhvaja - having dreadful shields, weapons, and banners

Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'having dreadful shields, weapons, and banners'. The term 'ghora' applies to all three elements. Declined in accusative plural masculine.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ghora+carman+āyudha+dhvaja)

• ghora – terrible, dreadful, formidable
  adjective
  Root: ghur (class 1)
• carman – skin, hide, shield
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cṛ (class 6)
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)
  From root yudh (to fight) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• dhvaja – flag, banner, standard
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhvaj (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'sarvarākṣasān'.

निर्यात (niryāta) - Go forth! Depart!

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of yā

Imperative mood, 2nd person plural, active voice

From root yā (to go) with prefix nir. Formed for imperative 2nd plural.

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating quotation, conclusion, or example.

Note: Quotation marker.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect past tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Augmented form of root brū. Imperfect tense (Laṅ).

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś. The -tvā suffix indicates the absolutive for roots without prefixes.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

रथस्थः (rathasthaḥ) - standing on the chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - standing on a chariot, situated on a chariot

Tatpuruṣa compound, meaning 'standing on a chariot'. Declined in masculine nominative singular.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• stha – standing, situated, being in
  adjective
  From root sthā (to stand), suffix -a.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

सर्वराक्षसान् (sarvarākṣasān) - all the Rākṣasas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarvarākṣasa

sarvarākṣasa - all Rākṣasas

Tatpuruṣa compound, meaning 'all (of) the Rākṣasas'. Declined in masculine accusative plural.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+rākṣasa)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun/adjective
• rākṣasa – Rākṣasa (a class of demons/ogres)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)