वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-21, verse-19

ततस्तद् राक्षसं सैन्यं घोरचर्मायुधध्वजम् ।
निर्जगाम जनस्थानान्महानादं महाजवम् ॥१९॥

19. tatastad rākṣasaṃ sainyaṃ ghoracarmāyudhadhvajam ,
nirjagāma janasthānānmahānādaṃ mahājavam.

19. tataḥ tat rākṣasam sainyam ghoracarmāyudhadhvajam
nirjagāma janasthānāt mahānādam mahājavam

19. tataḥ tat ghoracarmāyudhadhvajam mahānādam
mahājavam rākṣasam sainyam janasthānāt nirjagāma

19. Then, that demonic army, characterized by its formidable shields, weapons, and banners, emerged from Janasthāna, emitting a tremendous roar and moving with immense speed.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• तत् (tat) - that (that, that one, it)

• राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - demonic (demonic, belonging to Rākṣasas)

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army (army, host)

• घोरचर्मायुधध्वजम् (ghoracarmāyudhadhvajam) - characterized by its formidable shields, weapons, and banners (having terrible hides, weapons, and banners)

• निर्जगाम (nirjagāma) - emerged (went out, departed, emerged)

• जनस्थानात् (janasthānāt) - from Janasthāna

• महानादम् (mahānādam) - emitting a tremendous roar (with a great sound/roar)

• महाजवम् (mahājavam) - moving with immense speed (with great speed)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

from demonstrative pronoun tad + suffix -tas

तत् (tat) - that (that, that one, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, it

Note: Refers to 'sainyam'.

राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - demonic (demonic, belonging to Rākṣasas)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demonic, a demon, belonging to Rākṣasas

from rākṣasī (a demoness) or rākṣasa (a demon) + aṇ pratyaya

Note: Agrees with 'sainyam'.

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army (army, host)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military

from senā (army) + ya

घोरचर्मायुधध्वजम् (ghoracarmāyudhadhvajam) - characterized by its formidable shields, weapons, and banners (having terrible hides, weapons, and banners)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghoracarmāyudhadhvaja

ghoracarmāyudhadhvaja - having terrible hides, weapons, and banners

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ghora+carman+āyudha+dhvaja)

• ghora – terrible, dreadful, formidable
  adjective (masculine)
• carman – hide, skin, shield
  noun (neuter)
• āyudha – weapon
  noun (neuter)
• dhvaja – banner, flag
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'sainyam'.

निर्जगाम (nirjagāma) - emerged (went out, departed, emerged)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of nirgam

perfect active

root gam (to go) + prefix nir

Prefix: nis

Root: gam (class 1)

जनस्थानात् (janasthānāt) - from Janasthāna

(proper noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of janasthāna

janasthāna - place of people, a specific region (in Daṇḍakāraṇya)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+sthāna)

• jana – people, person
  noun (masculine)
• sthāna – place, abode
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

महानादम् (mahānādam) - emitting a tremendous roar (with a great sound/roar)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahānāda

mahānāda - great sound, loud roar

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+nāda)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• nāda – sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  from root nad (to sound)
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Adverbial accusative, describing the manner of emerging, agreeing with sainyam in form.

महाजवम् (mahājavam) - moving with immense speed (with great speed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahājava

mahājava - great speed, swiftness

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+java)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• java – speed, swiftness
  noun (masculine)
  from root jū (to hasten)
  Root: jū (class 1)

Note: Adverbial accusative, describing the manner of emerging, agreeing with sainyam in form.

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