वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-21, verse-16

ध्वजनिस्त्रिंशसंपन्नं किङ्किणीकविभूषितम् ।
सदश्वयुक्तं सो ऽमर्षादारुरोह रथं खरः ॥१६॥

16. dhvajanistriṃśasaṃpannaṃ kiṅkiṇīkavibhūṣitam ,
sadaśvayuktaṃ so'marṣādāruroha rathaṃ kharaḥ.

16. dhvajanistriṃśasampannam kiṅkiṇīkavibhūṣitam
sadaśvayuktam saḥ amarṣāt āruroha ratham kharaḥ

16. kharaḥ saḥ amarṣāt dhvajanistriṃśasampannam
kiṅkiṇīkavibhūṣitam sadaśvayuktam ratham āruroha

16. Khara, filled with anger, mounted the chariot that was equipped with flags and swords, adorned with small bells, and yoked with excellent horses.

Words meanings summery:

• ध्वजनिस्त्रिंशसम्पन्नम् (dhvajanistriṁśasampannam) - equipped with flags and swords

• किङ्किणीकविभूषितम् (kiṅkiṇīkavibhūṣitam) - adorned with small bells

• सदश्वयुक्तम् (sadaśvayuktam) - yoked with excellent horses

• सः (saḥ) - He (Khara) (he)

• अमर्षात् (amarṣāt) - from anger, angrily

• आरुरोह (āruroha) - ascended, mounted

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• खरः (kharaḥ) - Khara (a Rākṣasa leader) (Khara)

Words meanings and morphology

ध्वजनिस्त्रिंशसम्पन्नम् (dhvajanistriṁśasampannam) - equipped with flags and swords

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhvajanistriṃśasampanna

dhvajanistriṁśasampanna - equipped with flags and swords

Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'having flags and swords (as its equipment)'. The final element 'sampanna' means 'endowed with'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhvaja+nistriṃśa+sampanna)

• dhvaja – flag, banner
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhvaj (class 1)
• nistriṃśa – sword
  noun (masculine)
• sampanna – endowed with, possessed of, accomplished
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pad (to go) with prefix sam. Formed by adding -na suffix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'ratham'.

किङ्किणीकविभूषितम् (kiṅkiṇīkavibhūṣitam) - adorned with small bells

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kiṅkiṇīkavibhūṣita

kiṅkiṇīkavibhūṣita - adorned with small bells

Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'having small bells as its adornment'. The final element 'vibhūṣita' means 'adorned'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kiṅkiṇīka+vibhūṣita)

• kiṅkiṇīka – small bell, tinkling ornament
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  Diminutive of kiṅkiṇī.
• vibhūṣita – adorned, decorated, embellished
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhūṣ (to adorn) with prefix vi. Formed by adding -ta suffix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

Note: Modifies 'ratham'.

सदश्वयुक्तम् (sadaśvayuktam) - yoked with excellent horses

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sadaśvayukta

sadaśvayukta - yoked with good horses

Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'having good horses yoked'. The element 'sat' means 'good', modifying 'aśva'. 'yukta' is a past passive participle of 'yuj' (to yoke, join).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sat+aśva+yukta)

• sat – good, excellent, real, existing
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  From root as (to be).
  Root: as (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• yukta – yoked, joined, connected, appropriate
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yuj (to yoke, join). Formed by adding -ta suffix.
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'ratham'.

सः (saḥ) - He (Khara) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular.

अमर्षात् (amarṣāt) - from anger, angrily

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of amarṣa

amarṣa - anger, indignation, impatience

From root mṛṣ (to bear, endure) with negative prefix a-.

Prefix: a

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

आरुरोह (āruroha) - ascended, mounted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of ruh

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Formed with prefix ā. Reduplication 'ru-ruh' and vowel lengthening to 'rū'. Perfect tense (Liṭ).

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āruroha'.

खरः (kharaḥ) - Khara (a Rākṣasa leader) (Khara)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khara

khara - Khara (name of a Rākṣasa), ass, sharp

Note: Subject of 'āruroha'.