वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-15, verse-31

जितः स्वर्गस्तव भ्रात्रा भरतेन महात्मना ।
वनस्थमपि तापस्ये यस्त्वामनुविधीयते ॥३१॥

31. jitaḥ svargastava bhrātrā bharatena mahātmanā ,
vanasthamapi tāpasye yastvāmanuvidhīyate.

31. jitaḥ svargaḥ tava bhrātrā bharatena mahātmanā
vanastham api tāpasye yaḥ tvām anuvidhīyate

31. svargaḥ tava mahātmanā bhrātrā bharatena jitaḥ
yaḥ tvām vanastham api tāpasye anuvidhīyate

31. Heaven itself has been conquered by your great-souled (mahātman) brother Bharata, who emulates your asceticism even while you are dwelling in the forest.

Words meanings summery:

• जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered, won, subdued

• स्वर्गः (svargaḥ) - heaven, celestial world

• तव (tava) - your

• भ्रात्रा (bhrātrā) - by the brother

• भरतेन (bharatena) - by Bharata (Rama's brother) (by Bharata)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one, by the noble one

• वनस्थम् (vanastham) - dwelling in the forest, forest-dweller

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• तापस्ये (tāpasye) - in asceticism, in the state of an ascetic

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• अनुविधीयते (anuvidhīyate) - he follows, he emulates, he acts in accordance with

Words meanings and morphology

जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered, won, subdued

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jita

jita - conquered, won, subdued, overcome

past passive participle

Formed from root 'ji' (to conquer, win) with suffix '-ta'.

Root: ji (class 1)

स्वर्गः (svargaḥ) - heaven, celestial world

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, paradise, celestial abode

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular of 'yuṣmad'.

भ्रात्रा (bhrātrā) - by the brother

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Instrumental singular of 'bhrātṛ'.

भरतेन (bharatena) - by Bharata (Rama's brother) (by Bharata)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (a proper name, often a king or hero); India; one who is maintained or supported

Instrumental singular of 'bharata'.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one, by the noble one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous; a great soul

Instrumental singular of 'mahātman'. Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'ātman' (self/soul).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, extensive
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, essence, spirit
  noun (masculine)

वनस्थम् (vanastham) - dwelling in the forest, forest-dweller

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vanastha

vanastha - abiding in the forest, forest-dwelling

Compound of 'vana' (forest) and 'stha' (standing/abiding).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+stha)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, abiding, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to Rama, in the accusative case because it modifies 'tvām'.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes "even while dwelling in the forest".

तापस्ये (tāpasye) - in asceticism, in the state of an ascetic

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tāpasya

tāpasya - asceticism, penance, the life/state of an ascetic

Derived from 'tapas' (asceticism) with suffix '-ya' (denoting quality or state).

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Masculine nominative singular of 'yad'.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Accusative singular of 'yuṣmad'.

अनुविधीयते (anuvidhīyate) - he follows, he emulates, he acts in accordance with

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of anuvidhā

present middle/passive

Present middle/passive third person singular form of root 'dhā' with prefixes 'anu-' and 'vi-'.

Prefixes: anu+vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: The verb `anuvidhīyate` is typically middle voice (ātmanepada) for "to conform to, follow, imitate."

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