वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-15, verse-33

भर्ता दशरथो यस्याः साधुश्च भरतः सुतः ।
कथं नु साम्बा कैकेयी तादृशी क्रूरदर्शिनी ॥३३॥

33. bhartā daśaratho yasyāḥ sādhuśca bharataḥ sutaḥ ,
kathaṃ nu sāmbā kaikeyī tādṛśī krūradarśinī.

33. bhartā daśarathaḥ yasyāḥ sādhuḥ ca bharataḥ sutaḥ
katham nu sā ambā kaikeyī tādṛśī krūradarśinī

33. yasyāḥ bhartā daśarathaḥ ca sādhuḥ sutaḥ bharataḥ
katham nu sā ambā kaikeyī tādṛśī krūradarśinī

33. How can that mother Kaikeyi, whose husband is Dasaratha and whose son is the virtuous Bharata, be of such a cruel disposition?

Words meanings summery:

• भर्ता (bhartā) - husband, supporter, maintainer

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasaratha (name of Rama's father)

• यस्याः (yasyāḥ) - whose (feminine)

• साधुः (sādhuḥ) - virtuous, good, excellent

• च (ca) - and, also

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (name of Rama's brother)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, an interrogative particle

• सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

• अम्बा (ambā) - mother Kaikeyi (referring to her role as mother) (mother)

• कैकेयी (kaikeyī) - Kaikeyi (name of a queen)

• तादृशी (tādṛśī) - such, of such a kind

• क्रूरदर्शिनी (krūradarśinī) - of cruel disposition, having cruel insight/vision

Words meanings and morphology

भर्ता (bhartā) - husband, supporter, maintainer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, supporter, maintainer, lord, master

agent noun

Agent noun derived from root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support, maintain).

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasaratha (name of Rama's father)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Dasaratha (a proper name, king of Ayodhya, Rama's father)

Compound of 'daśa' (ten) and 'ratha' (chariot), meaning "one who has ten chariots."

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśa+ratha)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

यस्याः (yasyāḥ) - whose (feminine)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Feminine genitive singular of 'yad'.

साधुः (sādhuḥ) - virtuous, good, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, excellent, proper; a good person, a saint

Root: sādh (class 5)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects "husband" and "son".

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (name of Rama's brother)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (a proper name, often a king or hero); India; one who is maintained or supported

Nominative singular of 'bharata'.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

past passive participle

From root 'sū' (to bring forth, bear).

Root: sū (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

नु (nu) - indeed, now, an interrogative particle

(indeclinable)

Particle used to express interrogation, doubt, or emphasis.

सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Feminine nominative singular of 'tad'.

अम्बा (ambā) - mother Kaikeyi (referring to her role as mother) (mother)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ambā

ambā - mother, good woman

Note: Used here almost as an epithet or part of the name, "Mother Kaikeyi."

कैकेयी (kaikeyī) - Kaikeyi (name of a queen)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kaikeyī

kaikeyī - Kaikeyi (a proper name, Dasaratha's queen, Bharata's mother)

Feminine proper name, derived from 'kekaya' (the name of her kingdom).

तादृशी (tādṛśī) - such, of such a kind

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tādṛśa

tādṛśa - such, of such a kind, like that

Feminine nominative singular of 'tādṛśa'.

क्रूरदर्शिनी (krūradarśinī) - of cruel disposition, having cruel insight/vision

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of krūradarśin

krūradarśin - seeing cruelly, having a cruel disposition, of cruel aspect

Compound of 'krūra' (cruel) and 'darśin' (seeing, having vision). 'darśin' is derived from root 'dṛś' with suffix '-in'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (krūra+darśin)

• krūra – cruel, fierce, harsh
  adjective (masculine)
• darśin – seeing, knowing, showing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies Kaikeyi.

Previous Verse Next Verse