वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-15, verse-2

स कदा चित् प्रभातायां शर्वर्यां रघुनन्दनः ।
प्रययावभिषेकार्थं रम्यां गोदावरीं नदीम् ॥२॥

2. sa kadā cit prabhātāyāṃ śarvaryāṃ raghunandanaḥ ,
prayayāvabhiṣekārthaṃ ramyāṃ godāvarīṃ nadīm.

2. saḥ kadā cit prabhātāyām śarvaryām raghunandanaḥ
prayayau abhiṣekārtham ramyām godāvarīm nadīm

2. kadā cit śarvaryām prabhātāyām saḥ raghunandanaḥ
abhiṣekārtham ramyām godāvarīm nadīm prayayau

2. One day, at the break of dawn, the delight of the Raghu dynasty (Raghunandana), Rama, set out for the beautiful Godavari river to perform his ablutions.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - He (referring to Rama) (he, that)

• कदा (kadā) - when

• चित् (cit) - One day (in conjunction with 'kadā') (a particle indicating indefiniteness, sometimes 'even' or 'indeed')

• प्रभातायाम् (prabhātāyām) - in the dawned, at the break of dawn

• शर्वर्याम् (śarvaryām) - in the night

• रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - Rama, the delight of the Raghu dynasty (the delight of the Raghus, a descendant of Raghu)

• प्रययौ (prayayau) - he went, he set out

• अभिषेकार्थम् (abhiṣekārtham) - for the purpose of bathing/ablutions

• रम्याम् (ramyām) - beautiful, charming, lovely

• गोदावरीम् (godāvarīm) - the Godavari river

• नदीम् (nadīm) - river

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - He (referring to Rama) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कदा (kadā) - when

(indeclinable)

चित् (cit) - One day (in conjunction with 'kadā') (a particle indicating indefiniteness, sometimes 'even' or 'indeed')

(indeclinable)

प्रभातायाम् (prabhātāyām) - in the dawned, at the break of dawn

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of prabhāta

prabhāta - dawned, morning, broken (day)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'bhā' (to shine) with the prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhā (class 2)

शर्वर्याम् (śarvaryām) - in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śarvarī

śarvarī - night

रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - Rama, the delight of the Raghu dynasty (the delight of the Raghus, a descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raghunandana

raghunandana - delight of Raghu, descendant of Raghu (epithet for Rama)

Compound type : Tatpurusha (raghu+nandana)

• raghu – a celebrated king of the Solar dynasty, ancestor of Rama
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – delight, son, child
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nand (class 1)

प्रययौ (prayayau) - he went, he set out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yā

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

अभिषेकार्थम् (abhiṣekārtham) - for the purpose of bathing/ablutions

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhiṣekārtha

abhiṣekārtha - for the purpose of an anointing ceremony or ritual bath

Compound type : Tatpurusha (abhiṣeka+artha)

• abhiṣeka – sprinkling, inauguration, bathing ceremony, ablution
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: sic (class 6)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to indicate purpose.

रम्याम् (ramyām) - beautiful, charming, lovely

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ramya

ramya - beautiful, charming, pleasant, delightful

Gerundive

Derived from the root 'ram' (to delight) with the suffix '-ya'.

Root: ram (class 1)

गोदावरीम् (godāvarīm) - the Godavari river

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of godāvarī

godāvarī - the Godavari river (a sacred river in India)

नदीम् (nadīm) - river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

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