वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-15, verse-1

वसतस्तस्य तु सुखं राघवस्य महात्मनः ।
शरद्व्यपाये हेमन्त ऋतुरिष्टः प्रवर्तते ॥१॥

1. vasatastasya tu sukhaṃ rāghavasya mahātmanaḥ ,
śaradvyapāye hemanta ṛturiṣṭaḥ pravartate.

1. vasataḥ tasya tu sukham rāghavasya mahātmanaḥ
śarat vyapāye hemantaḥ ṛtuḥ iṣṭaḥ pravartate

1. sukham vasataḥ tasya mahātmanaḥ rāghavasya tu
śarat vyapāye iṣṭaḥ hemantaḥ ṛtuḥ pravartate

1. While that great-souled Rama was dwelling happily, with the close of autumn, the pleasant winter season began.

Words meanings summery:

• वसतः (vasataḥ) - of him who was dwelling (of dwelling, of living)

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (Rama) (of him, his)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet, moreover)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happily (happily, pleasantly, comfortably, joy)

• राघवस्य (rāghavasya) - of Rama (of Rama (descendant of Raghu))

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled (Rama) (of the great-souled, of the noble-minded)

• शरत् (śarat) - autumn

• व्यपाये (vyapāye) - at the close (of autumn) (at the passing, at the end, at the disappearance)

• हेमन्तः (hemantaḥ) - winter season (winter, winter season)

• ऋतुः (ṛtuḥ) - season (season, fixed time)

• इष्टः (iṣṭaḥ) - pleasant (desired, beloved, cherished, pleasant)

• प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - begins (begins, proceeds, occurs, arises, rolls on)

Words meanings and morphology

वसतः (vasataḥ) - of him who was dwelling (of dwelling, of living)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vasat

vasat - dwelling, living, residing

Present Active Participle

from root vas (to dwell)

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Participle modifying tasya / rāghavasya

तस्य (tasya) - of him (Rama) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: refers to Rama

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet, moreover)

(indeclinable)

सुखम् (sukham) - happily (happily, pleasantly, comfortably, joy)

(indeclinable)

Note: adverbial accusative

राघवस्य (rāghavasya) - of Rama (of Rama (descendant of Raghu))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rama

patronymic from Raghu

Note: Possessive, refers to Rama

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled (Rama) (of the great-souled, of the noble-minded)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, spiritual

compound of mahā (great) + ātman (self/soul)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with rāghavasya

शरत् (śarat) - autumn

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śarad

śarad - autumn, a year

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Part of compound śarad-vyapāye

व्यपाये (vyapāye) - at the close (of autumn) (at the passing, at the end, at the disappearance)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vyapāya

vyapāya - passing away, disappearance, end, separation

from root i (to go) with prefixes vi and apa

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Forms a compound with śarat

हेमन्तः (hemantaḥ) - winter season (winter, winter season)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hemanta

hemanta - winter, winter season

Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Subject of pravartate

ऋतुः (ṛtuḥ) - season (season, fixed time)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛtu

ṛtu - season, fixed time, period

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Appositive to hemantaḥ

इष्टः (iṣṭaḥ) - pleasant (desired, beloved, cherished, pleasant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished, beloved, cherished, worshipped, sacrificed

Past Passive Participle

from root yaj (to worship, sacrifice) or iṣ (to wish, desire)

Root: iṣ / yaj (class 4)

प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - begins (begins, proceeds, occurs, arises, rolls on)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

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