वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-65, verse-28

बहूनि पश्यन्मनसो ऽप्रियाणि यान्यन्न्यदा नास्य पुरे बभूवुः ।
अवाक्शिरा दीनमना नहृष्टः पितुर्महात्मा प्रविवेश वेश्म ॥२८॥

28. bahūni paśyanmanaso'priyāṇi yānyannyadā nāsya pure babhūvuḥ ,
avākśirā dīnamanā nahṛṣṭaḥ piturmahātmā praviveśa veśma.

28. bahūni paśyan manasaḥ apriyāṇi
yāni anyadā na asya pure babhūvuḥ
avākśirā dīnamanā na hṛṣṭaḥ
pituḥ mahātmā praviveśa veśma

28. mahātmā bahūni manasaḥ apriyāṇi
yāni asya pure anyadā na
babhūvuḥ paśyan avākśirā dīnamanā
na hṛṣṭaḥ pituḥ veśma praviveśa

28. Seeing many disagreeable things which were not in his city formerly, the noble one (mahātmā), with a downcast head, dejected mind, and unhappy, entered his father's house.

Words meanings summery:

• बहूनि (bahūni) - many (unpleasant things) (many, much)

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing (seeing, beholding, looking at)

• मनसः (manasaḥ) - to the mind (unpleasant) (of the mind, to the mind)

• अप्रियाणि (apriyāṇi) - disagreeable things (unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked)

• यानि (yāni) - which (things) (which, whatever)

• अन्यदा (anyadā) - formerly, before (at another time, formerly, once)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अस्य (asya) - his (city) (of him, of this, his)

• पुरे (pure) - in his city (in the city, in the town)

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they were (they were, they became)

• अवाक्शिरा (avākśirā) - with a downcast head (with downcast head, head lowered)

• दीनमना (dīnamanā) - dejected in mind (sad-minded, dejected, depressed)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - happy (not happy, i.e., unhappy) (delighted, joyful, happy)

• पितुः (pituḥ) - his father's (of the father)

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - the noble one (Bharata) (great-souled, noble, magnanimous)

• प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - he entered (he entered, went in)

• वेश्म (veśma) - house (house, dwelling, abode)

Words meanings and morphology

बहूनि (bahūni) - many (unpleasant things) (many, much)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous, frequent

Note: Accusative plural neuter, modifying apriyāṇi.

पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing (seeing, beholding, looking at)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛś

dṛś - to see, behold, perceive

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dṛś (irregular root for present stem paś-), masculine nominative singular.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Masculine nominative singular, modifying the implicit subject (mahātmā).

मनसः (manasaḥ) - to the mind (unpleasant) (of the mind, to the mind)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, heart, consciousness

Note: Indicates the recipient or relation of the 'unpleasant things'.

अप्रियाणि (apriyāṇi) - disagreeable things (unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked, enemy

Compound of 'a' (negative prefix) and 'priya' (dear, pleasant).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• priya – dear, pleasant, beloved
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Accusative plural neuter, object of 'paśyan'.

यानि (yāni) - which (things) (which, whatever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of yad

yad - which, what, whoever, whatever

Note: Relative pronoun, nominative plural neuter, subject of babhūvuḥ.

अन्यदा (anyadā) - formerly, before (at another time, formerly, once)

(indeclinable)

Formed from anya + dā (temporal suffix).

Note: Adverb of time.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

अस्य (asya) - his (city) (of him, of this, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Genitive singular masculine, referring to Bharata. Agrees with 'pure' in sense, 'his city'.

पुरे (pure) - in his city (in the city, in the town)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of purī

purī - city, town, stronghold

Note: Locative singular feminine, indicating place.

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they were (they were, they became)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of bhū

Perfect tense (Lit)

Third person plural, perfect active.

Root: bhū (class 1)

अवाक्शिरा (avākśirā) - with a downcast head (with downcast head, head lowered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avākśiras

avākśiras - having the head bent downwards, downcast

Bahuvrihi compound: avāk (downwards) + śiras (head).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (avāk+śiras)

• avāk – downwards, below
  indeclinable
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, modifying the implicit subject (mahātmā).

दीनमना (dīnamanā) - dejected in mind (sad-minded, dejected, depressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīnamanas

dīnamanas - sad-minded, dejected, dispirited

Bahuvrihi compound: dīna (sad, miserable) + manas (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dīna+manas)

• dīna – sad, miserable, wretched, dejected
  adjective (masculine)
• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, modifying the implicit subject (mahātmā).

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle preceding 'hṛṣṭaḥ'.

हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - happy (not happy, i.e., unhappy) (delighted, joyful, happy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - delighted, joyful, thrilled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √hṛṣ 'to be glad'.

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, describing the implicit subject (mahātmā).

पितुः (pituḥ) - his father's (of the father)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Genitive singular masculine, modifying veśma.

महात्मा (mahātmā) - the noble one (Bharata) (great-souled, noble, magnanimous)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, (a great person)

Bahuvrihi compound: mahā (great) + ātman (self/soul).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence (praviveśa).

प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - he entered (he entered, went in)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of pra-viś

Perfect tense (Lit)

Third person singular, perfect active, with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

वेश्म (veśma) - house (house, dwelling, abode)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of veśman

veśman - house, dwelling, apartment

Note: Object of praviveśa.

Previous Verse