वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-65, verse-24

श्रुता नो यादृशाः पूर्वं नृपतीनां विनाशने ।
आकारास्तानहं सर्वानिह पश्यामि सारथे ॥२४॥

24. śrutā no yādṛśāḥ pūrvaṃ nṛpatīnāṃ vināśane ,
ākārāstānahaṃ sarvāniha paśyāmi sārathe.

24. śrutāḥ naḥ yādṛśāḥ pūrvam nṛpatīnām vināśane
ākārān tān aham sarvān iha paśyāmi sārathe

24. sārathe,
pūrvam nṛpatīnām vināśane yādṛśāḥ ākārāḥ naḥ śrutāḥ,
tān sarvān aham iha paśyāmi

24. O charioteer, I see here all those signs that we have previously heard indicate the downfall of kings.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुताः (śrutāḥ) - heard, listened

• नः (naḥ) - by us, to us, our

• यादृशाः (yādṛśāḥ) - of what kind, such as

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

• नृपतीनाम् (nṛpatīnām) - of kings, of rulers

• विनाशने (vināśane) - in the destruction, in the ruin, in the downfall

• आकारान् (ākārān) - ominous signs, indications of misfortune (signs, indications, appearances, forms)

• तान् (tān) - those

• अहम् (aham) - Bharata (I)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, every

• इह (iha) - in Ayodhyā (here, in this place)

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I behold

• सारथे (sārathe) - O charioteer

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुताः (śrutāḥ) - heard, listened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śruta

śruta - heard, revealed, famous

Past Passive Participle

derived from root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

नः (naḥ) - by us, to us, our

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: The agent in a passive construction, hence "by us".

यादृशाः (yādṛśāḥ) - of what kind, such as

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yādṛśa

yādṛśa - of what kind, such as, like what

Note: Agrees with ākārāḥ.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying śrutāḥ.

नृपतीनाम् (nṛpatīnām) - of kings, of rulers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Governs vināśane.

विनाशने (vināśane) - in the destruction, in the ruin, in the downfall

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vināśana

vināśana - destruction, ruin, loss

causative verbal noun

derived from root naś (to perish) with prefix vi and suffix -ana

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Refers to the context of kings' downfall.

आकारान् (ākārān) - ominous signs, indications of misfortune (signs, indications, appearances, forms)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ākāra

ākāra - form, appearance, sign, indication

root kṛ with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of paśyāmi.

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun referring to ākārān.

अहम् (aham) - Bharata (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of paśyāmi.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, every

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

Note: Modifies ākārān.

इह (iha) - in Ayodhyā (here, in this place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I behold

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

present stem paśya- from root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सारथे (sārathe) - O charioteer

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

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