वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-65, verse-20

न ह्यत्र यानैर्दृश्यन्ते न गजैर्न च वाजिभिः ।
निर्यान्तो वाभियान्तो वा नरमुख्या यथापुरम् ॥२०॥

20. na hyatra yānairdṛśyante na gajairna ca vājibhiḥ ,
niryānto vābhiyānto vā naramukhyā yathāpuram.

20. na hi atra yānaiḥ dṛśyante na gajaiḥ na ca vājibhiḥ
niryāntaḥ vā abhiyāntaḥ vā naramukhyāḥ yathāpuram

20. hi atra naramukhyāḥ yathāpuram yānaiḥ na gajaiḥ na
ca vājibhiḥ na niryāntaḥ vā abhiyāntaḥ vā dṛśyante

20. Indeed, here, no prominent people are seen departing or arriving in their vehicles, or on elephants, or on horses, as they were before.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

• यानैः (yānaiḥ) - by conveyances, by vehicles

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen

• न (na) - not, no

• गजैः (gajaiḥ) - by elephants

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and

• वाजिभिः (vājibhiḥ) - by horses

• निर्यान्तः (niryāntaḥ) - going out, departing

• वा (vā) - or

• अभियान्तः (abhiyāntaḥ) - approaching, coming towards

• वा (vā) - or

• नरमुख्याः (naramukhyāḥ) - chief men, prominent people, leading individuals

• यथापुरम् (yathāpuram) - as before, as formerly

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for negation.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

यानैः (yānaiḥ) - by conveyances, by vehicles

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of yāna

yāna - going, motion, course, vehicle, carriage, chariot

Note: Agent of passive verb 'dṛśyante' in context of "by means of".

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for negation.

गजैः (gajaiḥ) - by elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gaja

gaja - elephant

Note: Agent of passive verb 'dṛśyante' in context of "by means of".

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for negation.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वाजिभिः (vājibhiḥ) - by horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vājin

vājin - swift, spirited, horse

Note: Agent of passive verb 'dṛśyante' in context of "by means of".

निर्यान्तः (niryāntaḥ) - going out, departing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niryāt

niryāt - going out, departing

Present Active Participle

Derived from nir-√yā (to go out)

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'naramukhyāḥ'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अभियान्तः (abhiyāntaḥ) - approaching, coming towards

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhiyāt

abhiyāt - approaching, coming towards

Present Active Participle

Derived from abhi-√yā (to approach)

Prefix: abhi

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'naramukhyāḥ'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

नरमुख्याः (naramukhyāḥ) - chief men, prominent people, leading individuals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of naramukhya

naramukhya - chief man, prominent person

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+mukhya)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'dṛśyante'.

यथापुरम् (yathāpuram) - as before, as formerly

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+pura)

• yathā – as, like, according to
  indeclinable
• pura – formerly, previously, olden times
  indeclinable

Note: Adverbial.

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