वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-65, verse-1

स प्राङ्मुखो राजगृहादभिनिर्याय वीर्यवान् ।
ह्रादिनीं दूरपारां च प्रत्यक्स्रोतस्तरङ्गिणीम् ।
शतद्रूमतरच्छ्रीमान्नदीमिक्ष्वाकुनन्दनः ॥१॥

1. sa prāṅmukho rājagṛhādabhiniryāya vīryavān ,
hrādinīṃ dūrapārāṃ ca pratyaksrotastaraṅgiṇīm ,
śatadrūmataracchrīmānnadīmikṣvākunandanaḥ.

1. saḥ prāṅmukhaḥ rājagṛhāt abhiniryāya
vīryavān hrādinīm dūrapārām ca
pratyaksrotas taraṅgiṇīm śatadrum
atarat śrīmān nadīm ikṣvākunandanaḥ

1. saḥ vīryavān śrīmān ikṣvākunandanaḥ
prāṅmukhaḥ rājagṛhāt abhiniryāya
hrādinīm dūrapārām ca pratyaksrotas
taraṅgiṇīm śatadrum nadīm atarat

1. That valorous (vīryavān) and glorious (śrīmān) son of Ikshvaku (ikṣvākunandanaḥ), having departed from Rājagṛha, facing east, crossed the river Sutlej (Śatadru), which was a roaring (hrādinī), wide-banked (dūrapārā) river (taraṅgiṇī) flowing westwards (pratyaksrotas).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• प्राङ्मुखः (prāṅmukhaḥ) - facing east, eastward-facing

• राजगृहात् (rājagṛhāt) - from Rājagṛha (a city)

• अभिनिर्याय (abhiniryāya) - having departed, having gone forth

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valorous, powerful, strong

• ह्रादिनीम् (hrādinīm) - roaring, sounding, noisy (river)

• दूरपाराम् (dūrapārām) - having distant banks, wide-banked

• च (ca) - and

• प्रत्यक्स्रोतस् (pratyaksrotas) - flowing westwards, westward flowing

• तरङ्गिणीम् (taraṅgiṇīm) - river (literally 'having waves')

• शतद्रुम् (śatadrum) - the river Sutlej

• अतरत् (atarat) - he crossed

• श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, prosperous, endowed with beauty

• नदीम् (nadīm) - river

• इक्ष्वाकुनन्दनः (ikṣvākunandanaḥ) - son of Ikshvaku

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्राङ्मुखः (prāṅmukhaḥ) - facing east, eastward-facing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṅmukha

prāṅmukha - facing east, having the face turned to the east

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāc+mukha)

• prāc – east, eastern
  adjective (feminine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ'.

राजगृहात् (rājagṛhāt) - from Rājagṛha (a city)

(proper noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of rājagṛha

rājagṛha - Rājagṛha (name of a city)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+gṛha)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• gṛha – house, dwelling, palace
  noun (neuter)

अभिनिर्याय (abhiniryāya) - having departed, having gone forth

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Root yā (to go) with prefixes abhi (towards) and nir (out, forth) + suffix -ya

Prefixes: abhi+nir

Root: yā (class 2)

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valorous, powerful, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - possessing valor or power, brave, mighty

Derived from vīrya (valor) + suffix -mat/vat

Note: Modifies 'saḥ' (Bharata).

ह्रादिनीम् (hrādinīm) - roaring, sounding, noisy (river)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of hrādinī

hrādinī - roaring, sounding, making noise (often used for rivers)

From root hrād (to roar, sound)

Root: hrād (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'nadīm' and 'taraṅgiṇīm'.

दूरपाराम् (dūrapārām) - having distant banks, wide-banked

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dūrapārā

dūrapārā - having distant or far-off banks/shores

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dūra+pāra)

• dūra – far, distant, remote
  adjective (neuter)
• pāra – bank, shore, opposite side, limit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'nadīm' and 'taraṅgiṇīm'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

प्रत्यक्स्रोतस् (pratyaksrotas) - flowing westwards, westward flowing

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pratyaksrotas

pratyaksrotas - flowing westwards, having a westward current

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pratyak+srotas)

• pratyak – west, western, backwards
  adjective (masculine)
• srotas – stream, current, flow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'nadīm' and 'taraṅgiṇīm'.

तरङ्गिणीम् (taraṅgiṇīm) - river (literally 'having waves')

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of taraṅgiṇī

taraṅgiṇī - river, stream (literally 'having waves')

Derived from taraṅga (wave) + suffix -iṇī

शतद्रुम् (śatadrum) - the river Sutlej

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śatadru

śatadru - Śatadru (the ancient name of the river Sutlej)

अतरत् (atarat) - he crossed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of atarat

Imperfect Tense

Root tṛ (to cross), 3rd person singular active

Root: tṛ (class 1)

श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, prosperous, endowed with beauty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīmat

śrīmat - glorious, prosperous, beautiful, blessed, fortunate

Derived from śrī (glory, beauty, prosperity) + suffix -mat/vat

Note: Modifies 'ikṣvākunandanaḥ' (Bharata).

नदीम् (nadīm) - river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

इक्ष्वाकुनन्दनः (ikṣvākunandanaḥ) - son of Ikshvaku

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ikṣvākunandana

ikṣvākunandana - son of Ikshvaku (an epithet for Rama and his brothers, descendants of Ikshvaku)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ikṣvāku+nandana)

• ikṣvāku – Ikshvaku (name of an ancient mythical king, progenitor of the solar dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, delighting, gladdening
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Bharata.

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