वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-65, verse-13

वनं च समतीत्याशु शर्वर्यामरुणोदये ।
अयोध्यां मनुना राज्ञा निर्मितां स ददर्श ह ॥१३॥

13. vanaṃ ca samatītyāśu śarvaryāmaruṇodaye ,
ayodhyāṃ manunā rājñā nirmitāṃ sa dadarśa ha.

13. vanam ca samatītya āśu śarvaryām aruṇodaye
ayodhyām manunā rājñā nirmitām saḥ dadarśa ha

13. saḥ ha āśu vanam ca samatītya śarvaryām
aruṇodaye manunā rājñā nirmitām ayodhyām dadarśa

13. And having swiftly crossed the forest, he indeed saw Ayodhyā, built by King Manu, at dawn.

Words meanings summery:

• वनम् (vanam) - forest (forest, wood)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• समतीत्य (samatītya) - having swiftly crossed (having completely crossed, having thoroughly passed over)

• आशु (āśu) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly)

• शर्वर्याम् (śarvaryām) - in the night

• अरुणोदये (aruṇodaye) - at dawn (at dawn, at sunrise)

• अयोध्याम् (ayodhyām) - Ayodhyā (Ayodhyā (city name))

• मनुना (manunā) - by Manu

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by King (Manu) (by the king)

• निर्मिताम् (nirmitām) - built (built, created, constructed)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Bharata) (he, that)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw (he saw, he looked at)

• ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, verily, surely)

Words meanings and morphology

वनम् (vanam) - forest (forest, wood)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

समतीत्य (samatītya) - having swiftly crossed (having completely crossed, having thoroughly passed over)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from 'sam' + 'ati' + root 'i' (to go) + suffix 'ya' for absolutive.

Prefixes: sam+ati

Root: i (class 2)

आशु (āśu) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

Note: Modifies 'samatītya'.

शर्वर्याम् (śarvaryām) - in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śarvarī

śarvarī - night

अरुणोदये (aruṇodaye) - at dawn (at dawn, at sunrise)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of aruṇodaya

aruṇodaya - dawn, sunrise, appearance of the red glow before sunrise

Compound type : tatpurusha (aruṇa+udaya)

• aruṇa – red, rosy; dawn, god of dawn
  noun (masculine)
• udaya – rise, arising, dawn
  noun (masculine)
  From ud-i (to rise).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

अयोध्याम् (ayodhyām) - Ayodhyā (Ayodhyā (city name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ayodhyā

ayodhyā - the city of Ayodhyā; unconquerable, invincible

Feminine noun.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+yodhyā)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• yodhyā – to be fought, fightable
  adjective (feminine)
  Gerundive
  From root yudh.
  Root: yudh (class 4)

मनुना (manunā) - by Manu

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of manu

manu - Manu (the progenitor of mankind, a lawgiver); man, human being

u-stem noun.

Root: man (class 4)

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by King (Manu) (by the king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'manunā'.

निर्मिताम् (nirmitām) - built (built, created, constructed)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nirmita

nirmita - built, constructed, created, made

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'nir' + root 'mā' (to measure, construct) + 'kta' suffix.

Prefix: nir

Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'ayodhyām'.

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Bharata) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw (he saw, he looked at)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect tense

3rd person singular, Perfect tense, active voice, from root 'dṛś'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, verily, surely)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

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