वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-5, verse-23

गुरुणा त्वभ्यनुज्ञातो मनुजौघं विसृज्य तम् ।
विवेशान्तःपुरं राजा सिंहो गिरिगुहामिव ॥२३॥

23. guruṇā tvabhyanujñāto manujaughaṃ visṛjya tam ,
viveśāntaḥpuraṃ rājā siṃho giriguhāmiva.

23. guruṇā tu abhyanujñātaḥ manujaugham visṛjya
tam viveśa antaḥpuram rājā siṃhaḥ giriguhām iva

23. rājā tu guruṇā abhyanujñātaḥ tam manujaugham
visṛjya siṃhaḥ giriguhām iva antaḥpuram viveśa

23. But the king, having been dismissed by his teacher (guru), and having sent away that multitude of people, entered the inner palace, just as a lion enters a mountain cave.

Words meanings summery:

• गुरुणा (guruṇā) - by his teacher (the priest) (by the teacher, by the preceptor)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted / dismissed (by the guru) (permitted, dismissed, consented to)

• मनुजौघम् (manujaugham) - that multitude of people (multitude of people, crowd of men)

• विसृज्य (visṛjya) - having dismissed, having sent away, having released

• तम् (tam) - that (multitude) (that)

• विवेश (viveśa) - entered

• अन्तःपुरम् (antaḥpuram) - inner palace (inner apartment, women's apartment, harem, inner palace)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• सिंहः (siṁhaḥ) - lion

• गिरिगुहाम् (giriguhām) - mountain cave

• इव (iva) - just as (as if, like, similar to)

Words meanings and morphology

गुरुणा (guruṇā) - by his teacher (the priest) (by the teacher, by the preceptor)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, respected elder

Note: Agent of the passive participle abhyanujñātaḥ.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction indicating a slight contrast or continuation.

अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted / dismissed (by the guru) (permitted, dismissed, consented to)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyanujñāta

abhyanujñāta - permitted, consented to, dismissed

Past Passive Participle

From abhi-anu-jñā (to permit, dismiss).

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies rājā.

मनुजौघम् (manujaugham) - that multitude of people (multitude of people, crowd of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of manujaugha

manujaugha - multitude of people, crowd of men

Compound of manu-ja (man) and ogha (multitude).

Compound type : tatpurusha (manuja+ogha)

• manuja – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: manu (ancestor of mankind) + ja (born from).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• ogha – flood, multitude, mass
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of visṛjya.

विसृज्य (visṛjya) - having dismissed, having sent away, having released

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From vi-sṛj (to dismiss, release).

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb.

तम् (tam) - that (multitude) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies manujaugham.

विवेश (viveśa) - entered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of viś

From root viś (to enter).

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

अन्तःपुरम् (antaḥpuram) - inner palace (inner apartment, women's apartment, harem, inner palace)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of antaḥpura

antaḥpura - inner apartment, women's apartment, harem, inner palace

Compound of antar (within) and pura (city, palace).

Compound type : avyayibhāva (antar+pura)

• antar – within, inside
  indeclinable
• pura – city, fortress, palace
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of viveśa.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Note: Subject of viveśa.

सिंहः (siṁhaḥ) - lion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of siṃha

siṁha - lion

Note: Subject of the implied verb in the simile.

गिरिगुहाम् (giriguhām) - mountain cave

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of giriguha

giriguha - mountain cave

Compound of giri (mountain) and guhā (cave).

Compound type : tatpurusha (giri+guhā)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• guhā – cave, cavern
  noun (feminine)
  From root guh (to hide).
  Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Object of the implied verb in the simile.

इव (iva) - just as (as if, like, similar to)

(indeclinable)

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