वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-5, verse-16

जनवृन्दोर्मिसंघर्षहर्षस्वनवतस्तदा ।
बभूव राजमार्गस्य सागरस्येव निस्वनः ॥१६॥

16. janavṛndormisaṃgharṣaharṣasvanavatastadā ,
babhūva rājamārgasya sāgarasyeva nisvanaḥ.

16. jana-vṛnda-urmi-saṃgharṣa-harṣa-svanavataḥ tadā
babhūva rājamārgasya sāgarasya iva nisvanaḥ

16. tadā rājamārgasya nisvanaḥ
jana-vṛnda-urmi-saṃgharṣa-harṣa-svanavataḥ sāgarasya iva babhūva

16. At that time, the main highway echoed with a roar, similar to that of an ocean, due to the joyful clamor of the clashing waves of human crowds.

Words meanings summery:

• जन-वृन्द-उर्मि-संघर्ष-हर्ष-स्वनवतः (jana-vṛnda-urmi-saṁgharṣa-harṣa-svanavataḥ) - pertaining to the main road, which resonated with the joyous clamor of the immense crowds (of the one possessing the joyful sound from the friction of waves of crowds of people)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, happened, was

• राजमार्गस्य (rājamārgasya) - of the royal road, of the highway

• सागरस्य (sāgarasya) - of the ocean

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• निस्वनः (nisvanaḥ) - sound, roar, noise

Words meanings and morphology

जन-वृन्द-उर्मि-संघर्ष-हर्ष-स्वनवतः (jana-vṛnda-urmi-saṁgharṣa-harṣa-svanavataḥ) - pertaining to the main road, which resonated with the joyous clamor of the immense crowds (of the one possessing the joyful sound from the friction of waves of crowds of people)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jana-vṛnda-urmi-saṃgharṣa-harṣa-svanavat

jana-vṛnda-urmi-saṁgharṣa-harṣa-svanavat - possessing the joyful sound from the friction of waves of crowds of people

Derived from a compound noun ending in svanavat (possessing sound), formed with the possessive suffix -vat.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jana+vṛnda+urmi+saṃgharṣa+harṣa+svanavat)

• jana – people, man
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• vṛnda – multitude, crowd, flock
  noun (neuter)
• urmi – wave, billow
  noun (masculine)
• saṃgharṣa – clashing, friction, conflict, rubbing together
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root ghṛṣ with prefix sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: ghṛṣ (class 1)
• harṣa – joy, delight, excitement
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root hṛṣ
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)
• svanavat – noisy, sounding, possessing sound
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from svan (sound) with possessive suffix -vat
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Refers to the rājamārga, which is masculine.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time derived from the pronoun tad

बभूव (babhūva) - became, happened, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Liṭ) of bhū

Perfect (Liṭ) 3rd person singular

Root bhū, class 1, Atmanepada in Liṭ but here Parasmaipada form.

Root: bhū (class 1)

राजमार्गस्य (rājamārgasya) - of the royal road, of the highway

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājamārga

rājamārga - royal road, highway, main street

Compound of rājan (king) and mārga (path)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rājan+mārga)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• mārga – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root mṛj
  Root: mṛj (class 2)

सागरस्य (sāgarasya) - of the ocean

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle used for comparison

निस्वनः (nisvanaḥ) - sound, roar, noise

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nisvana

nisvana - sound, noise, roar

Derived from root svan with prefix nis-

Prefix: nis

Root: svan (class 1)