वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-5, verse-15

वृन्दवृन्दैरयोध्यायां राजमार्गाः समन्ततः ।
बभूवुरभिसंबाधाः कुतूहलजनैर्वृताः ॥१५॥

15. vṛndavṛndairayodhyāyāṃ rājamārgāḥ samantataḥ ,
babhūvurabhisaṃbādhāḥ kutūhalajanairvṛtāḥ.

15. vṛndavṛndaiḥ ayodhyāyām rājamārgāḥ samantataḥ
babhūvuḥ abhisambādhāḥ kutūhalajanaiḥ vṛtāḥ

15. ayodhyāyām samantataḥ rājamārgāḥ vṛndavṛndaiḥ
kutūhalajanaiḥ vṛtāḥ abhisambādhāḥ babhūvuḥ

15. In Ayodhyā, the royal roads everywhere were completely obstructed by throngs and throngs of people filled with curiosity.

Words meanings summery:

• वृन्दवृन्दैः (vṛndavṛndaiḥ) - by throngs and throngs (by groups and groups, by multitudes)

• अयोध्यायाम् (ayodhyāyām) - in Ayodhyā

• राजमार्गाः (rājamārgāḥ) - the royal roads (royal roads, main roads)

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - everywhere (everywhere, on all sides, completely)

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - were (they became, they were, they appeared)

• अभिसम्बाधाः (abhisambādhāḥ) - completely obstructed (completely obstructed, very crowded, much oppressed)

• कुतूहलजनैः (kutūhalajanaiḥ) - by people filled with curiosity (by people full of curiosity, by curious people)

• वृताः (vṛtāḥ) - filled (surrounded, encompassed, covered, filled)

Words meanings and morphology

वृन्दवृन्दैः (vṛndavṛndaiḥ) - by throngs and throngs (by groups and groups, by multitudes)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vṛndavṛnda

vṛndavṛnda - groups and groups, multitudes (repetition for emphasis)

Iterative compound formed by repetition of 'vṛnda'.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (iterative) (vṛnda+vṛnda)

• vṛnda – group, multitude, throng, heap
  noun (neuter)
• vṛnda – group, multitude, throng, heap
  noun (neuter)

अयोध्यायाम् (ayodhyāyām) - in Ayodhyā

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of ayodhyā

ayodhyā - Ayodhyā (name of a city, capital of Kosala kingdom)

Literally 'not to be fought over/conquered' (a-yodhya).

Root: yudh (class 4)

राजमार्गाः (rājamārgāḥ) - the royal roads (royal roads, main roads)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājamārga

rājamārga - royal road, highway, main street

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : śaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rājan+mārga)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• mārga – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛg (class 2)

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - everywhere (everywhere, on all sides, completely)

(indeclinable)

derived from 'samanta' (entire, whole) + 'tas' suffix

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - were (they became, they were, they appeared)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of bhū

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

root 'bhū' (class 1, parasmaipada)

Root: bhū (class 1)

अभिसम्बाधाः (abhisambādhāḥ) - completely obstructed (completely obstructed, very crowded, much oppressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhisambādha

abhisambādha - completely obstructed, very crowded, much oppressed, filled up

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'badh' (to oppress, obstruct) with prefixes 'abhi' and 'sam'.

Prefixes: abhi+sam

Root: badh (class 1)

Note: Here used as a predicate adjective.

कुतूहलजनैः (kutūhalajanaiḥ) - by people filled with curiosity (by people full of curiosity, by curious people)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kutūhalajana

kutūhalajana - curious people, people excited by curiosity

Tatpurusha compound (kutūhala + jana)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kutūhala+jana)

• kutūhala – curiosity, eager interest, wonder
  noun (neuter)
• jana – person, people, folk
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

वृताः (vṛtāḥ) - filled (surrounded, encompassed, covered, filled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered, chosen, appointed

Past Passive Participle

from root 'vṛ' (to cover, encompass)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Here functions as an adjective describing 'rājamārgāḥ'.