वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-74, verse-20

धनू रुद्रस्तु संक्रुद्धो विदेहेषु महायशाः ।
देवरातस्य राजर्षेर्ददौ हस्ते ससायकम् ॥२०॥

20. dhanū rudrastu saṃkruddho videheṣu mahāyaśāḥ ,
devarātasya rājarṣerdadau haste sasāyakam.

20. dhanuḥ rudraḥ tu saṃkruddhaḥ videheṣu mahāyaśāḥ
devarātasya rājarṣeḥ dadau haste sasāyakam

20. rudraḥ tu mahāyaśāḥ saṃkruddhaḥ videheṣu
devarātasya rājarṣeḥ haste sasāyakam dhanuḥ dadau

20. But Rudra, the highly renowned one (mahāyaśas), greatly angered, gave that bow (dhanu) with an arrow into the hand of the royal sage (rājarṣi) Devarāta in Videha.

Words meanings summery:

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• रुद्रः (rudraḥ) - Rudra, Shiva

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly angered, highly enraged

• विदेहेषु (videheṣu) - in Videha (the country or its people)

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - highly renowned, of great fame

• देवरातस्य (devarātasya) - of Devarāta

• राजर्षेः (rājarṣeḥ) - of the royal sage

• ददौ (dadau) - he gave

• हस्ते (haste) - in the hand

• ससायकम् (sasāyakam) - with an arrow, along with an arrow

Words meanings and morphology

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanu

dhanu - bow

रुद्रः (rudraḥ) - Rudra, Shiva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rudra

rudra - Rudra (a Vedic deity, later identified with Shiva), howling, terrible

Root: rud (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly angered, highly enraged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - greatly angered, enraged

Past Passive Participle

From root krudh (to be angry) with prefix sam + kta suffix

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

विदेहेषु (videheṣu) - in Videha (the country or its people)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of videha

videha - Videha (an ancient kingdom and its inhabitants)

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - highly renowned, of great fame

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - of great fame, highly renowned

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+yaśas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• yaśas – fame, glory, honor
  noun (neuter)

देवरातस्य (devarātasya) - of Devarāta

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of devarāta

devarāta - Devarāta (a proper name, lit. 'given by gods')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+rāta)

• deva – god
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 1)
• rāta – given, granted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root rā (to give)
  Root: rā (class 2)

राजर्षेः (rājarṣeḥ) - of the royal sage

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, king who is also a sage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

ददौ (dadau) - he gave

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of dā

Perfect tense (Lit)

Root verb dā, 3rd person singular active

Root: dā (class 3)

हस्ते (haste) - in the hand

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of hasta

hasta - hand

ससायकम् (sasāyakam) - with an arrow, along with an arrow

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sasāyaka

sasāyaka - with an arrow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+sāyaka)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• sāyaka – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: si (class 4)

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