वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-74, verse-16

विरोधे च महद् युद्धमभवद् रोमहर्षणम् ।
शितिकण्ठस्य विष्णोश्च परस्परजयैषिणोः ॥१६॥

16. virodhe ca mahad yuddhamabhavad romaharṣaṇam ,
śitikaṇṭhasya viṣṇośca parasparajayaiṣiṇoḥ.

16. virodhe ca mahat yuddham abhavat romaharṣaṇam
śitikaṇṭhasya viṣṇoḥ ca parasparajayaiṣiṇoḥ

16. ca virodhe mahat romaharṣaṇam yuddham abhavat
śitikaṇṭhasya viṣṇoḥ ca parasparajayaiṣiṇoḥ

16. And in that conflict, a great and hair-raising battle occurred between Śitikāṇṭha (Śiva) and Vishnu, both of whom were desirous of mutual victory.

Words meanings summery:

• विरोधे (virodhe) - in the conflict, in the opposition

• च (ca) - and

• महत् (mahat) - great, large

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war

• अभवत् (abhavat) - occurred, became, was

• रोमहर्षणम् (romaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, thrilling, causing goosebumps

• शितिकण्ठस्य (śitikaṇṭhasya) - of Śitikāṇṭha (Śiva) (of Śitikāṇṭha)

• विष्णोः (viṣṇoḥ) - of Vishnu

• च (ca) - and

• परस्परजयैषिणोः (parasparajayaiṣiṇoḥ) - of the two desirous of mutual victory

Words meanings and morphology

विरोधे (virodhe) - in the conflict, in the opposition

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of virodha

virodha - opposition, hostility, conflict, contradiction

From prefix 'vi' + root 'rudh' (to obstruct).

Prefix: vi

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Indicates the circumstance or location of the battle.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects clauses.

महत् (mahat) - great, large

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Present participle of 'mah' (to be great) or root 'mah' + 'at' suffix.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'yuddham'.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war, combat

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yudh' (to fight) + suffix 'kta' (ta).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'abhavat'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - occurred, became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense

Imperfect 3rd person singular of root 'bhū'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

रोमहर्षणम् (romaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, thrilling, causing goosebumps

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of romaharṣaṇa

romaharṣaṇa - hair-raising, thrilling, causing horripilation

From 'roman' (hair) and root 'hṛṣ' (to thrill, stiffen) with suffix 'ana'.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (roman+harṣaṇa)

• roman – hair (of the body)
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing joy, causing thrill, stiffening
  noun
  From root 'hṛṣ' (to thrill) + suffix 'ana'.
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'yuddham'.

शितिकण्ठस्य (śitikaṇṭhasya) - of Śitikāṇṭha (Śiva) (of Śitikāṇṭha)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śitikaṇṭha

śitikaṇṭha - blue-necked (an epithet of Śiva, referring to his throat being stained blue by poison)

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (śiti+kaṇṭha)

• śiti – white, pale, blue-black
  adjective
• kaṇṭha – throat, neck
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kaṇṭh (class 10)

Note: Possessive, indicating one participant in the battle.

विष्णोः (viṣṇoḥ) - of Vishnu

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of viṣṇu

viṣṇu - Vishnu (a principal deity in Hinduism)

Root: viṣ (class 3)

Note: Possessive, indicating the other participant in the battle.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects Śiva and Vishnu.

परस्परजयैषिणोः (parasparajayaiṣiṇoḥ) - of the two desirous of mutual victory

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of parasparajayaiṣin

parasparajayaiṣin - desirous of mutual victory, seeking victory over each other

Derived from 'paraspara-jaya' (mutual victory) + 'eṣin' (desiring).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (paraspara+jaya+eṣin)

• paraspara – mutual, each other, reciprocal
  pronoun
• jaya – victory, triumph, conquest
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ji' (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)
• eṣin – desiring, wishing, seeking
  adjective
  From root 'iṣ' (to desire) + suffix 'in'.
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Śiva and Vishnu (the two).

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