वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-74, verse-12

अतिसृष्टं सुरैरेकं त्र्यम्बकाय युयुत्सवे ।
त्रिपुरघ्नं नरश्रेष्ठ भग्नं काकुत्स्थ यत्त्वया ॥१२॥

12. atisṛṣṭaṃ surairekaṃ tryambakāya yuyutsave ,
tripuraghnaṃ naraśreṣṭha bhagnaṃ kākutstha yattvayā.

12. atisṛṣṭam suraiḥ ekam tryambakāya yuyutsave
tripuraghnam naraśreṣṭha bhagnam kākutstha yat tvayā

12. naraśreṣṭha kākutstha ekam suraiḥ yuyutsave
tryambakāya atisṛṣṭam tripuraghnam yat tvayā bhagnam

12. One of them was given by the gods to Tryambaka (Shiva), who was eager to fight – that destroyer of the three cities (Tripuraghnam), O best among men, O Kakutstha, which was broken by you.

Words meanings summery:

• अतिसृष्टम् (atisṛṣṭam) - Referring to the bow given by the gods. (bestowed, given, created)

• सुरैः (suraiḥ) - by the gods

• एकम् (ekam) - One of the two bows. (one)

• त्र्यम्बकाय (tryambakāya) - The recipient of the bow, Lord Shiva. (to Tryambaka, to Shiva)

• युयुत्सवे (yuyutsave) - Describing Shiva's disposition at that time. (desirous of fighting, wishing to fight)

• त्रिपुरघ्नम् (tripuraghnam) - An epithet for Shiva's bow, as it was used to destroy the Tripuras. (the destroyer of the three cities)

• नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - Vocative address to Rama. (O best among men)

• भग्नम् (bhagnam) - Referring to the bow that Rama broke. (broken, shattered)

• काकुत्स्थ (kākutstha) - Another vocative address to Rama, referring to his lineage. (O Kakutstha)

• यत् (yat) - Refers to the bow that was broken. (which, that which)

• त्वया (tvayā) - Referring to Rama as the agent who broke the bow. (by you)

Words meanings and morphology

अतिसृष्टम् (atisṛṣṭam) - Referring to the bow given by the gods. (bestowed, given, created)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of atisṛṣṭa

atisṛṣṭa - given, bestowed, created

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ati-√sṛj (to cast forth, create, give)

Prefix: ati

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with the implied dhanus.

सुरैः (suraiḥ) - by the gods

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sura

sura - god, deity

Note: Agent of atisṛṣṭam.

एकम् (ekam) - One of the two bows. (one)

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with the implied dhanus.

त्र्यम्बकाय (tryambakāya) - The recipient of the bow, Lord Shiva. (to Tryambaka, to Shiva)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tryambaka

tryambaka - Tryambaka (an epithet of Shiva, 'three-eyed')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+ambaka)

• tri – three
  numeral
• ambaka – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Recipient of the bow.

युयुत्सवे (yuyutsave) - Describing Shiva's disposition at that time. (desirous of fighting, wishing to fight)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of yuyutsu

yuyutsu - desirous of fighting

Desiderative stem

Derived from desiderative of √yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with tryambakāya.

त्रिपुरघ्नम् (tripuraghnam) - An epithet for Shiva's bow, as it was used to destroy the Tripuras. (the destroyer of the three cities)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tripuraghna

tripuraghna - destroyer of the three cities (Tripuras)

Compound of tripura (three cities) and ghna (destroyer, slayer)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (tripura+ghna)

• tripura – three cities (of the asuras)
  noun (neuter)
• ghna – slayer, destroyer
  adjective
  Derived from √han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with the implied dhanus.

नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - Vocative address to Rama. (O best among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best among men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective
  Superlative degree from praśasya

भग्नम् (bhagnam) - Referring to the bow that Rama broke. (broken, shattered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √bhañj (to break)

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with the implied dhanus.

काकुत्स्थ (kākutstha) - Another vocative address to Rama, referring to his lineage. (O Kakutstha)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha (an epithet of Rama)

Patronymic/derivative from Kakutstha

यत् (yat) - Refers to the bow that was broken. (which, that which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun.

त्वया (tvayā) - Referring to Rama as the agent who broke the bow. (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Agent of bhagnam.

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