वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-44, verse-5

गता भगवती रात्रिः श्रोतव्यं परमं श्रुतम् ।
क्षणभूतेव सा रात्रिः संवृत्तेयं महातपः ।
इमां चिन्तयतः सर्वां निखिलेन कथां तव ॥५॥

5. gatā bhagavatī rātriḥ śrotavyaṃ paramaṃ śrutam ,
kṣaṇabhūteva sā rātriḥ saṃvṛtteyaṃ mahātapaḥ ,
imāṃ cintayataḥ sarvāṃ nikhilena kathāṃ tava.

5. gatā bhagavatī rātriḥ śrotavyam
paramam śrutam kṣaṇabhūtā iva sā rātriḥ
saṃvṛttā iyam mahātapaḥ imām
cintayataḥ sarvām nikhilena kathām tava

5. bhagavatī rātriḥ gatā paramam śrutam
śrotavyam mahātapaḥ tava imām sarvām
nikhilena kathām cintayataḥ sā
iyam rātriḥ kṣaṇabhūtā iva saṃvṛttā

5. The divine night has passed, and the supreme knowledge (śrutam) to be heard has been heard. O great ascetic (mahātapas), this night, as I contemplated your entire story completely, seemed to have become but a fleeting moment.

Words meanings summery:

• गता (gatā) - passed, gone

• भगवती (bhagavatī) - divine, auspicious, venerable

• रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

• श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - to be heard, ought to be heard

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, excellent, highest

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - supreme knowledge (heard, knowledge, scripture)

• क्षणभूता (kṣaṇabhūtā) - become a moment, fleeting

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• सा (sā) - that (night) (that (feminine))

• रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

• संवृत्ता (saṁvṛttā) - become, happened, turned into

• इयम् (iyam) - this (night) (this (feminine))

• महातपः (mahātapaḥ) - O great ascetic (Viśvāmitra) (O great ascetic)

• इमाम् (imām) - this (story) (this (feminine))

• चिन्तयतः (cintayataḥ) - while I was contemplating (while contemplating, of one contemplating)

• सर्वाम् (sarvām) - all, entire

• निखिलेन (nikhilena) - completely, entirely, without remainder

• कथाम् (kathām) - story, narration, discourse

• तव (tava) - your (Viśvāmitra's) (your)

Words meanings and morphology

गता (gatā) - passed, gone

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gata

gata - gone, passed, reached

Past Passive Participle

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rātriḥ'.

भगवती (bhagavatī) - divine, auspicious, venerable

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - divine, venerable, glorious, fortunate

Note: Agrees with 'rātriḥ'.

रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Subject of 'gatā'.

श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - to be heard, ought to be heard

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śrotavya

śrotavya - to be heard, fit to be heard

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Derived from root 'śru' with suffix '-tavya'.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'śrutam'.

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, excellent, highest

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, excellent, ultimate

Note: Agrees with 'śrutam'.

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - supreme knowledge (heard, knowledge, scripture)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, revealed (scripture), knowledge, that which is learned

Past Passive Participle

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Subject of implied 'asti' (is).

क्षणभूता (kṣaṇabhūtā) - become a moment, fleeting

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣaṇabhūta

kṣaṇabhūta - become a moment, momentary, fleeting

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣaṇa+bhūta)

• kṣaṇa – moment, instant
  noun (masculine)
• bhūta – become, been, past, being
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rātriḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

सा (sā) - that (night) (that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to 'rātriḥ'.

रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Subject of 'saṃvṛttā'.

संवृत्ता (saṁvṛttā) - become, happened, turned into

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃvṛtta

saṁvṛtta - become, happened, occurred, changed into

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rātriḥ' and 'iyam'.

इयम् (iyam) - this (night) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, she, it

Note: Refers to 'rātriḥ'.

महातपः (mahātapaḥ) - O great ascetic (Viśvāmitra) (O great ascetic)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - great ascetic, one of great penance (tapas)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• tapas – heat, asceticism, penance, spiritual effort
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Viśvāmitra.

इमाम् (imām) - this (story) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'kathām'.

चिन्तयतः (cintayataḥ) - while I was contemplating (while contemplating, of one contemplating)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of cintayat

cintayat - thinking, contemplating, reflecting

Present Active Participle

Derived from causative of root 'cit' (to perceive).

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Implies 'mama' (my) or 'mayā' (by me) for the contemplation.

सर्वाम् (sarvām) - all, entire

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

Note: Agrees with 'kathām'.

निखिलेन (nikhilena) - completely, entirely, without remainder

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nikhila

nikhila - entire, whole, complete, without remainder

Prefix: ni

Root: khila

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying 'cintayataḥ'.

कथाम् (kathām) - story, narration, discourse

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narration, discourse

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Object of 'cintayataḥ'.

तव (tava) - your (Viśvāmitra's) (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Viśvāmitra.