वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-39, verse-28

ततस्तेनाप्रमेयेन कपिलेन महात्मना ।
भस्मराशीकृताः सर्वे काकुत्स्थ सगरात्मजाः ॥२८॥

28. tatastenāprameyena kapilena mahātmanā ,
bhasmarāśīkṛtāḥ sarve kākutstha sagarātmajāḥ.

28. tataḥ tena aprameyena kapilena mahātmanā
bhasmarāśīkṛtāḥ sarve kākutstha sagarātmajāḥ

28. kākutstha,
tataḥ tena aprameyena mahātmanā kapilena sarve sagarātmajāḥ bhasmarāśīkṛtāḥ

28. O scion of Kakutstha, then all the sons of Sagara were reduced to a heap of ashes by that immeasurable, great-souled Kapila.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, then, from that

• तेन (tena) - by Kapila (by him, by that)

• अप्रमेयेन (aprameyena) - by the immeasurable (Kapila) (by the immeasurable, by the incomprehensible)

• कपिलेन (kapilena) - by Kapila

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Kapila (by the great-souled one)

• भस्मराशीकृताः (bhasmarāśīkṛtāḥ) - reduced to a heap of ashes, turned into ashes

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• काकुत्स्थ (kākutstha) - O scion of Kakutstha (epithet of Rama)

• सगरात्मजाः (sagarātmajāḥ) - sons of Sagara

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, then, from that

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by Kapila (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to Kapila.

अप्रमेयेन (aprameyena) - by the immeasurable (Kapila) (by the immeasurable, by the incomprehensible)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aprameya

aprameya - immeasurable, incomprehensible, limitless

gerundive/future passive participle (not to be measured)

from root mā with prefix a- (negation) and pra-

Compound type : tatpuruşa (a+prameya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• prameya – measurable, knowable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  from root mā with prefix pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'kapilena' and 'mahātmanā'.

कपिलेन (kapilena) - by Kapila

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kapila

kapila - Kapila (a sage); tawny, reddish-brown

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Kapila (by the great-souled one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, sublime (great ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'kapilena'.

भस्मराशीकृताः (bhasmarāśīkṛtāḥ) - reduced to a heap of ashes, turned into ashes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhasmarāśīkṛta

bhasmarāśīkṛta - reduced to a heap of ashes

Past Passive Participle (secondary formation from noun + kṛ)

Compound of bhasmarāśi (heap of ashes) + kṛta (made)

Compound type : tatpuruşa (bhasmarāśi+kṛta)

• bhasman – ash
  noun (neuter)
• rāśi – heap, pile
  noun (masculine)
• kṛta – done, made
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kṛ + suffix -ta
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'sagarātmajāḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'sagarātmajāḥ'.

काकुत्स्थ (kākutstha) - O scion of Kakutstha (epithet of Rama)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha, epithet of Rama

patronymic suffix -stha

सगरात्मजाः (sagarātmajāḥ) - sons of Sagara

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sagarātmaja

sagarātmaja - son of Sagara

Compound type : tatpuruşa (sagara+ātmaja)

• sagara – Sagara (a king's name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmaja – son, born of oneself
  noun (masculine)
  from ātman + ja
  Root: jan (class 4)