वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-39, verse-20

तं ते प्रदक्षिणं कृत्वा पृष्ट्वा चापि निरामयम् ।
खनन्तः समुपक्रान्ता दिशं सोमवतीं तदा ॥२०॥

20. taṃ te pradakṣiṇaṃ kṛtvā pṛṣṭvā cāpi nirāmayam ,
khanantaḥ samupakrāntā diśaṃ somavatīṃ tadā.

20. tam te pradakṣiṇam kṛtvā pṛṣṭvā ca api nirāmayam
khanantaḥ samupakrāntāḥ diśam somavatīm tadā

20. te tam pradakṣiṇam kṛtvā ca api nirāmayam pṛṣṭvā
tadā khanantaḥ somavatīm diśam samupakrāntāḥ

20. Having circumambulated him (the elephant) and also enquired about his well-being, they (Sagara's sons) then proceeded, digging, towards the Somavati direction (north).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the elephant) (him, that)

• ते (te) - they (Sagara's sons) (they, those)

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise) (circumambulation (clockwise), auspicious, right-handed)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed (having done, having made)

• पृष्ट्वा (pṛṣṭvā) - having enquired (having asked, having inquired)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even)

• निरामयम् (nirāmayam) - well-being (well-being, health, freedom from illness)

• खनन्तः (khanantaḥ) - (they) digging (digging, excavating)

• समुपक्रान्ताः (samupakrāntāḥ) - they proceeded (they commenced, they proceeded, they approached)

• दिशम् (diśam) - the direction (direction)

• सोमवतीम् (somavatīm) - the Somavati (direction, i.e., North) (Somavati (name of a quarter/direction), possessing soma, lunar)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the elephant) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the elephant Saumanasa.

ते (te) - they (Sagara's sons) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the sons of Sagara.

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise) (circumambulation (clockwise), auspicious, right-handed)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradakṣiṇa

pradakṣiṇa - clockwise, auspicious, right-handed circumambulation

Prefix: pra

Root: dakṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

root kṛ + suffix tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पृष्ट्वा (pṛṣṭvā) - having enquired (having asked, having inquired)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

root pracch (praś) + suffix tvā; internal sandhi cch + tvā -> ṣṭvā

Root: pracch (class 6)

Note: From root 'pracch' (to ask).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also (also, even)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle or conjunction.

निरामयम् (nirāmayam) - well-being (well-being, health, freedom from illness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nirāmaya

nirāmaya - freedom from illness, health, welfare, prosperity

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+āmaya)

• nis – out, forth, away, without
  indeclinable
• āmaya – sickness, disease
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: am (class 1)

Note: Object of 'pṛṣṭvā'.

खनन्तः (khanantaḥ) - (they) digging (digging, excavating)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of khanat

khanat - digging, excavating

present active participle

root khan + śatṛ suffix

Root: khan (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'te' (Sagara's sons).

समुपक्रान्ताः (samupakrāntāḥ) - they proceeded (they commenced, they proceeded, they approached)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samupakrānta

samupakrānta - approached, commenced, undertaken, proceeded

past passive participle

upasargas sam + upa + root kram + kta suffix

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Used here as a finite verb.

दिशम् (diśam) - the direction (direction)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

Note: Object of 'samupakrāntāḥ'.

सोमवतीम् (somavatīm) - the Somavati (direction, i.e., North) (Somavati (name of a quarter/direction), possessing soma, lunar)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of somavatī

somavatī - possessing Soma, lunar; a name given to the northern quarter

feminine of somavat

Note: Agrees with and specifies 'diśam'.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

adverbial from 'tad'

Note: Adverb of time.