वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-39, verse-23

ततः प्रागुत्तरां गत्वा सागराः प्रथितां दिशम् ।
रोषादभ्यखनन् सर्वे पृथिवीं सगरात्मजाः ॥२३॥

23. tataḥ prāguttarāṃ gatvā sāgarāḥ prathitāṃ diśam ,
roṣādabhyakhanan sarve pṛthivīṃ sagarātmajāḥ.

23. tataḥ prāguttarām gatvā sāgarāḥ prathitām diśam
roṣāt abhyakhanan sarve pṛthivīm sagarātmajāḥ

23. tataḥ sarve sagarātmajāḥ sāgarāḥ prathitām
prāguttarām diśam gatvā roṣāt pṛthivīm abhyakhanan

23. Then, all the sons of Sagara, having gone to the well-known northeastern direction, dug into the earth out of rage.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, thence, from that)

• प्रागुत्तराम् (prāguttarām) - northeastern (northeastern (direction))

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• सागराः (sāgarāḥ) - the sons of Sagara (sons of Sagara, pertaining to Sagara)

• प्रथिताम् (prathitām) - well-known (famous, well-known, celebrated)

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction (direction, quarter)

• रोषात् (roṣāt) - out of rage (from anger, out of rage)

• अभ्यखनन् (abhyakhanan) - they dug into (they dug into, they excavated)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, every)

• पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth

• सगरात्मजाः (sagarātmajāḥ) - the sons (ātmaja) of Sagara (sons of Sagara)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivation from tad (that).

प्रागुत्तराम् (prāguttarām) - northeastern (northeastern (direction))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prāguttara

prāguttara - northeastern, north-east

Dvigu or Tatpuruṣa compound of prāk (east) and uttara (north).

Compound type : dvandva (prāk+uttara)

• prāk – east, eastern
  indeclinable
• uttara – north, northern, later, superior
  adjective (masculine)

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root gam with suffix -tvā.

Root: gam (class 1)

सागराः (sāgarāḥ) - the sons of Sagara (sons of Sagara, pertaining to Sagara)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāgara

sāgara - son of Sagara, relating to Sagara

Derived from Sagara with patronymic suffix (aṇ).

प्रथिताम् (prathitām) - well-known (famous, well-known, celebrated)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prathita

prathita - famous, known, spread, celebrated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root prath (to spread) with suffix -ta.

Root: prath (class 1)

दिशम् (diśam) - direction (direction, quarter)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky, region

Root noun.

Root: diś (class 6)

रोषात् (roṣāt) - out of rage (from anger, out of rage)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of roṣa

roṣa - anger, wrath, fury

Derived from root ruṣ (to be angry).

Root: ruṣ (class 4)

अभ्यखनन् (abhyakhanan) - they dug into (they dug into, they excavated)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of khan

Imperfect active 3rd plural

Formed from root khan with prefix abhi, augment a- for imperfect.

Prefix: abhi

Root: khan (class 1)

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, world

From root pṛth (to spread), meaning 'the broad one'.

Root: pṛth (class 1)

सगरात्मजाः (sagarātmajāḥ) - the sons (ātmaja) of Sagara (sons of Sagara)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sagarātmaja

sagarātmaja - son of Sagara

Tatpuruṣa compound: Sagara + ātmaja (self-born, son).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sagara+ātmaja)

• sagara – Name of a king
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmaja – son, daughter, self-born
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ātman (self) and ja (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)