वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-15, verse-4

स हि तेपे तपस्तीव्रं दीर्घकालमरिंदम ।
येन तुष्टो ऽभवद्ब्रह्मा लोककृल् लोकपूजितः ॥४॥

4. sa hi tepe tapastīvraṃ dīrghakālamariṃdama ,
yena tuṣṭo'bhavadbrahmā lokakṛl lokapūjitaḥ.

4. saḥ hi tepe tapaḥ tīvram dīrghakālam arindama
yena tuṣṭaḥ abhavat brahmā lokakṛt lokapūjitaḥ

4. saḥ hi arindama tīvram tapaḥ dīrghakālam tepe
yena lokakṛt lokapūjitaḥ brahmā tuṣṭaḥ abhavat

4. Indeed, he (Ravana) performed intense austerity (tapas) for a long time. By this, Brahma, the creator of worlds and revered by all beings, became pleased.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Ravana (he, that)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• तेपे (tepe) - he performed, he practiced

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

• तीव्रम् (tīvram) - intense, severe, sharp

• दीर्घकालम् (dīrghakālam) - for a long time

• अरिन्दम (arindama) - subduer of enemies, vanquisher of foes

• येन (yena) - by which, by whom

• तुष्टः (tuṣṭaḥ) - pleased, satisfied, content

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahma (the creator god)

• लोककृत् (lokakṛt) - creator of worlds

• लोकपूजितः (lokapūjitaḥ) - worshipped by the worlds, revered by people

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Ravana (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Ravana

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle

तेपे (tepe) - he performed, he practiced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (Lit) of tap

Perfect

From verb root tap (to heat, to practice austerity). Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular.

Root: tap (class 1)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of 'tepe'

तीव्रम् (tīvram) - intense, severe, sharp

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tīvra

tīvra - intense, severe, sharp, keen

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'

दीर्घकालम् (dīrghakālam) - for a long time

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīrghakāla

dīrghakāla - long time, extended period

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dīrgha+kāla)

• dīrgha – long, lengthy
  adjective (masculine)
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially, indicating duration.

अरिन्दम (arindama) - subduer of enemies, vanquisher of foes

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arindama

arindama - subduer of enemies, vanquisher of foes

Compound: ari (enemy) + dama (subduer, from √dam 'to tame').

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – subduer, tamer
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dam (to tame, subdue)
  Root: dam (class 4)

Note: An address to the listener/narratee.

येन (yena) - by which, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to the 'tapas'.

तुष्टः (tuṣṭaḥ) - pleased, satisfied, content

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tuṣṭa

tuṣṭa - pleased, satisfied, contented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root tuṣ (to be pleased, satisfied)

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'brahmā'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect

From verb root bhū (to be, become). Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular.

Root: bhū (class 1)

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahma (the creator god)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahma (the creator god), sacred utterance, ultimate reality

Note: Subject of 'abhavat'

लोककृत् (lokakṛt) - creator of worlds

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lokakṛt

lokakṛt - creator of worlds, world-maker

Compound: loka (world) + kṛt (maker, doer, from √kṛ 'to do').

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (loka+kṛt)

• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)
• kṛt – maker, doer
  noun (masculine)
  kṛt suffix
  From root √kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'brahmā'

लोकपूजितः (lokapūjitaḥ) - worshipped by the worlds, revered by people

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lokapūjita

lokapūjita - worshipped by the worlds, revered by people

Past Passive Participle

Compound: loka (world) + pūjita (worshipped, PPP of √pūj).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+pūjita)

• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)
• pūjita – worshipped, honored
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √pūj (to worship, honor)
  Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'brahmā'