महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-58, verse-5

एवमुक्त्वा स वामेन पदा मौलिमुपास्पृशत् ।
शिरश्च राजसिंहस्य पादेन समलोडयत् ॥५॥

5. evamuktvā sa vāmena padā maulimupāspṛśat ,
śiraśca rājasiṁhasya pādena samaloḍayat.

5. evam uktvā saḥ vāmena padā maulim upāspṛśat
śiraḥ ca rājasiṃhasya pādena samaloḍayat

5. evam uktvā saḥ vāmena padā maulim upāspṛśat,
ca rājasiṃhasya śiraḥ pādena samaloḍayat

5. Having spoken thus, he touched the crown (of Duryodhana's head) with his left foot, and he trampled the head of that lion-like king with his (other) foot.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having said, having spoken)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Bhimasena) (he, that)

• वामेन (vāmena) - with the left (foot) (by the left, with the left (hand, foot, etc.))

• पदा (padā) - with his foot (by the foot, with the foot)

• मौलिम् (maulim) - the crown (of the head) (crown, diadem, head, topknot)

• उपास्पृशत् (upāspṛśat) - he touched (he touched, he reached)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - the head (head, skull)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• राजसिंहस्य (rājasiṁhasya) - of the lion-like king (Duryodhana) (of the lion among kings, of the best king)

• पादेन (pādena) - with his foot (by the foot, with the foot)

• समलोडयत् (samaloḍayat) - he trampled (he trampled, he crushed, he agitated)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having said, having spoken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix '-tvā'. 'vac' undergoes samprasarana to 'uk' before '-tvā'.

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he (Bhimasena) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular form.

Note: Refers to Bhimasena.

वामेन (vāmena) - with the left (foot) (by the left, with the left (hand, foot, etc.))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāma

vāma - left, reverse, adverse, beautiful, lovely

पदा (padā) - with his foot (by the foot, with the foot)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of pad

pad - foot, step, stride, ray of light

Feminine noun, root 'pad' (to go, move).

Root: pad (class 4)

मौलिम् (maulim) - the crown (of the head) (crown, diadem, head, topknot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mauli

mauli - crown, diadem, head, topknot, crest

Note: Refers to Duryodhana's head.

उपास्पृशत् (upāspṛśat) - he touched (he touched, he reached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upaspṛś

Imperfect active

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, active voice. From 'upa-' + root 'spṛś' (to touch). The 'ā' is due to sandhi of augment 'a' and prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: spṛś (class 6)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - the head (head, skull)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull, top, chief

Note: Object of 'samaloḍayat'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

राजसिंहस्य (rājasiṁhasya) - of the lion-like king (Duryodhana) (of the lion among kings, of the best king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājasiṃha

rājasiṁha - a lion among kings, best of kings, lion-like king

Tatpurusha compound: 'rājan' (king) + 'siṃha' (lion). Can also be a Karmadhāraya compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+siṃha)

• rājan – king, sovereign, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'śiraḥ'.

पादेन (pādena) - with his foot (by the foot, with the foot)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāda

pāda - foot, leg, step, quarter

Derived from root 'pad' (to go, move).

Root: pad (class 4)

समलोडयत् (samaloḍayat) - he trampled (he trampled, he crushed, he agitated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of samaloḍay

Imperfect active, Causative

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, active voice. Causative from 'sam-' + root 'luḍ' (to stir, disturb, crush). Augment 'a' + 'sam' + causative stem 'loḍaya'.

Prefix: sam

Root: luḍ (class 1)