महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-58, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तं पातितं ततो दृष्ट्वा महाशालमिवोद्गतम् ।
प्रहृष्टमनसः सर्वे बभूवुस्तत्र पाण्डवाः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
taṁ pātitaṁ tato dṛṣṭvā mahāśālamivodgatam ,
prahṛṣṭamanasaḥ sarve babhūvustatra pāṇḍavāḥ.

1. sañjaya uvāca tam pātitam tataḥ dṛṣṭvā mahāśālam iva
udgatam prahṛṣṭamanasaḥ sarve babhūvuḥ tatra pāṇḍavāḥ

1. sañjaya uvāca: tataḥ udgatam mahāśālam iva pātitam tam
dṛṣṭvā tatra sarve pāṇḍavāḥ prahṛṣṭamanasaḥ babhūvuḥ

1. Sañjaya said: 'Then, having seen him, who was like a towering great śāla tree, fallen, all the Pāṇḍavas there became exceedingly joyful in their minds.'

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• तम् (tam) - Refers to the fallen warrior. (him)

• पातितम् (pātitam) - fallen, brought down, felled

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• महाशालम् (mahāśālam) - a great śāla tree

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उद्गतम् (udgatam) - risen, grown tall, standing high

• प्रहृष्टमनसः (prahṛṣṭamanasaḥ) - having delighted minds, joyful, exhilarated

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (the charioteer and narrator to Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Formed from root vac, reduplicated perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - Refers to the fallen warrior. (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

पातितम् (pātitam) - fallen, brought down, felled

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pātita

pātita - caused to fall, felled, thrown down

Causative Past Passive Participle

From causative of root pat (to fall) -> pātayati -> pātita.

Root: pat (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

महाशालम् (mahāśālam) - a great śāla tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāśāla

mahāśāla - a large śāla tree

Karmadhāraya compound (mahā + śāla).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+śāla)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• śāla – śāla tree (Shorea robusta), a strong and tall tree
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing comparison.

उद्गतम् (udgatam) - risen, grown tall, standing high

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udgata

udgata - risen, emerged, sprung up, elevated, grown tall

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) with prefix ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: gam (class 1)

प्रहृष्टमनसः (prahṛṣṭamanasaḥ) - having delighted minds, joyful, exhilarated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prahṛṣṭamanas

prahṛṣṭamanas - having a gladdened mind, joyful, delighted

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (prahṛṣṭa+manas)

• prahṛṣṭa – delighted, joyful, exhilarated
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root hṛṣ (to be excited, rejoice) with prefix pra.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)
• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Universal pronoun.

Note: Qualifies 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (Lit) of bhū

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Formed from root bhū, reduplicated perfect.

Root: bhū (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu, descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

Derived from Pāṇḍu.