महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-127, verse-7

प्रियो हि फल्गुनो नित्यमाचार्यस्य महात्मनः ।
ततोऽस्य दत्तवान्द्वारं नयुद्धेनारिमर्दन ॥७॥

7. priyo hi phalguno nityamācāryasya mahātmanaḥ ,
tato'sya dattavāndvāraṁ nayuddhenārimardana.

7. priyaḥ hi phalgunaḥ nityam ācāryasya mahātmanaḥ
tataḥ asya dattavān dvāram na yuddhena arimardana

7. arimardana hi phalgunaḥ mahātmanaḥ ācāryasya nityam
priyaḥ tataḥ asya dvāram na yuddhena dattavān

7. For Arjuna was always dear to that great-souled teacher (ācārya). Therefore, O suppressor of enemies, he granted him an entrance, not through combat.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear, beloved, pleasing

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• आचार्यस्य (ācāryasya) - of Droṇa (of the teacher, of the preceptor)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled, of the noble-minded

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, thence, from that

• अस्य (asya) - to him, of him

• दत्तवान् (dattavān) - he gave

• द्वारम् (dvāram) - entrance, door, way

• न (na) - not, no

• युद्धेन (yuddhena) - by battle, through fighting

• अरिमर्दन (arimardana) - O suppressor of enemies, O crusher of foes

Words meanings and morphology

प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear, beloved, pleasing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, favorite

Note: Predicate adjective for 'phalgunaḥ'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Explanatory particle.

फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'priyaḥ'.

आचार्यस्य (ācāryasya) - of Droṇa (of the teacher, of the preceptor)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - teacher, preceptor, guru

Derived from ā-car (to practice, to conduct).

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Refers to Droṇa.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled, of the noble-minded

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, (referring to a) great personality

Compound formed from mahat and ātman.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual consciousness
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'ācāryasya'.

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, thence, from that

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - to him, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

दत्तवान् (dattavān) - he gave

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dattavat

dattavat - one who has given

Past Active Participle

Derived from the root dā (to give) with the suffix -vat.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject is Droṇa (implied from context).

द्वारम् (dvāram) - entrance, door, way

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dvāra

dvāra - door, gate, entrance, way

Note: Object of 'dattavān'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the mode of action.

युद्धेन (yuddhena) - by battle, through fighting

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Derived from root yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates the means, negated by 'na'.

अरिमर्दन (arimardana) - O suppressor of enemies, O crusher of foes

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arimardana

arimardana - suppressor of enemies, crusher of foes

Compound noun formed from ari and mardana.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ari+mardana)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• mardana – crushing, destroying, treading down
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root mṛd (to crush, tread down)
  Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: An epithet for the listener.