महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-127, verse-6

कथं ह्यनिच्छमानस्य द्रोणस्य युधि फल्गुनः ।
भिन्द्यात्सुदुर्भिदं व्यूहं यतमानोऽपि संयुगे ॥६॥

6. kathaṁ hyanicchamānasya droṇasya yudhi phalgunaḥ ,
bhindyātsudurbhidaṁ vyūhaṁ yatamāno'pi saṁyuge.

6. katham hi anicchamanasya droṇasya yudhi phalgunaḥ
bhindyāt sudurbhidam vyūham yatamanah api saṃyuge

6. katham hi droṇasya anicchamanasya yudhi phalgunaḥ
sudurbhidam vyūham saṃyuge yatamanah api bhindyāt

6. How, indeed, could Arjuna break Droṇa's battle formation, which is exceedingly difficult to penetrate, even if he exerted himself in combat, if Droṇa himself was unwilling?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• अनिच्छमनस्य (anicchamanasya) - of one who is unwilling, of one not wishing

• द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of the guru Droṇa (of Droṇa)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

• फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna

• भिन्द्यात् (bhindyāt) - he might break, he should break

• सुदुर्भिदम् (sudurbhidam) - very difficult to break/penetrate

• व्यूहम् (vyūham) - battle array, formation, disposition

• यतमनह् (yatamanah) - striving, exerting oneself

• अपि (api) - even, also, although

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or explanatory particle.

अनिच्छमनस्य (anicchamanasya) - of one who is unwilling, of one not wishing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of anicchamana

anicchamana - unwilling, not wishing, reluctant

Present Participle (Ātmanepada) with negative prefix

Derived from verb root iṣ (to wish, desire) with prefix a- (negation) and present participle suffix -māna.

Prefix: a

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'droṇasya'.

द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of the guru Droṇa (of Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a teacher/guru)

Note: Possessive, referring to Droṇa's will.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, combat, fight

Note: Refers to the context of the battle.

फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince)

Note: Subject of the verb 'bhindyāt'.

भिन्द्यात् (bhindyāt) - he might break, he should break

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhid

Optative Mood

Third person singular active optative form of root bhid.

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Expresses potential or hypothetical action.

सुदुर्भिदम् (sudurbhidam) - very difficult to break/penetrate

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sudurbhid

sudurbhid - very difficult to break, impenetrable

Compound formed from su- (intensive), dur- (difficult), and bhid (to break).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+dur+bhid)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
• bhid – breaking, piercing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root bhid (to break).
  Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'vyūham'.

व्यूहम् (vyūham) - battle array, formation, disposition

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyūha

vyūha - military array, battle formation, disposition

Derived from root ūh (to push, arrange) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'bhindyāt'.

यतमनह् (yatamanah) - striving, exerting oneself

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yataman

yataman - striving, exerting, making an effort

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from verb root yat (to strive, exert) with the present participle suffix -māna.

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'phalgunaḥ'.

अपि (api) - even, also, although

(indeclinable)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, war, combat

Compound of sam (together) and yuga (yoke, pair, age) or derived from root yuj (to join).

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Synonymous with 'yudhi'.