महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-127, verse-3

तव व्यायच्छमानस्य द्रोणस्य च महात्मनः ।
मिषतां योधमुख्यानां सैन्धवो विनिपातितः ॥३॥

3. tava vyāyacchamānasya droṇasya ca mahātmanaḥ ,
miṣatāṁ yodhamukhyānāṁ saindhavo vinipātitaḥ.

3. tava vyāyacchamānasya droṇasya ca mahātmanaḥ |
miṣatām yodhamukhyānām saindhavaḥ vinipātitaḥ

3. tava ca mahātmanaḥ droṇasya vyāyacchamānasya,
yodhamukhyānām miṣatām,
saindhavaḥ vinipātitaḥ

3. Even while you and the great-souled Droṇa were striving, and as the foremost warriors (yodhamukhya) watched, the King of Sindh (Saindhava) was struck down.

Words meanings summery:

• तव (tava) - (Duryodhana to Karṇa) "your" (meaning Karṇa's) (your)

• व्यायच्छमानस्य (vyāyacchamānasya) - of one who is striving, while striving

• द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of Droṇa

• च (ca) - and

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled (Droṇa) (of the great-souled, of the noble)

• मिषताम् (miṣatām) - of those who are looking on, while looking on

• योधमुख्यानाम् (yodhamukhyānām) - foremost warriors (yodhamukhya) (of the chief warriors, of the foremost fighters)

• सैन्धवः (saindhavaḥ) - the King of Sindh (Saindhava), Jayadratha (the King of Sindh, Jayadratha)

• विनिपातितः (vinipātitaḥ) - struck down, killed, felled

Words meanings and morphology

तव (tava) - (Duryodhana to Karṇa) "your" (meaning Karṇa's) (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Possessive pronoun, refers to Karṇa.

व्यायच्छमानस्य (vyāyacchamānasya) - of one who is striving, while striving

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vyāyacchamāna

vyāyacchamāna - striving, exerting oneself, struggling

Present Middle Participle

Present Middle Participle, from vi-ā-√yam (to strive, exert)

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Forms a genitive absolute construction with 'tava' and 'droṇasya', indicating a simultaneous action.

द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of Droṇa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of the teacher)

Note: Genitive case, implying "while Droṇa was striving".

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'tava' and 'droṇasya'.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled (Droṇa) (of the great-souled, of the noble)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'droṇasya'.

मिषताम् (miṣatām) - of those who are looking on, while looking on

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of miṣat

miṣat - looking on, watching, seeing

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle, from √miṣ (to open the eyes, look on)

Root: miṣ (class 6)

Note: Forms a genitive absolute construction with 'yodhamukhyānām'.

योधमुख्यानाम् (yodhamukhyānām) - foremost warriors (yodhamukhya) (of the chief warriors, of the foremost fighters)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yodhamukhya

yodhamukhya - chief of warriors, foremost fighter

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yodha+mukhya)

• yodha – warrior, fighter
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Denotes the group of warriors who were watching.

सैन्धवः (saindhavaḥ) - the King of Sindh (Saindhava), Jayadratha (the King of Sindh, Jayadratha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - of or belonging to Sindh, an inhabitant or king of Sindh, Jayadratha

Derived from Sindhu (the river/region) with aṇ suffix.

Note: Subject of 'vinipātitaḥ'.

विनिपातितः (vinipātitaḥ) - struck down, killed, felled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinipātita

vinipātita - struck down, felled, killed, caused to fall

Past Passive Participle (causative)

From vi-ni-√pat (to fall) in causative form (pātita)

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main verb in a passive construction.